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Provisions for employee benefits - Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques (Details) - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year € 1,136  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,201 € 1,136
Other benefit plans    
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 278  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 268 278
Defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 858  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 933 858
Italian defined benefit plans    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 269  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 258 269
Foreign defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 412  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 493 412
FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 177  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 182 177
Present value of benefit liabilities    
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,768 1,657
Current cost 76 76
Interest cost/income 32 45
Remeasurements: 70 71
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (9)  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 98 61
- experience (gains) losses (19) 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 18 7
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (125) (140)
Currency translation differences and other changes 8 51
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,848 1,768
Present value of benefit liabilities | Other benefit plans    
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 278 309
Current cost 50 55
Interest cost/income 1 1
Remeasurements: 4 1
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 2  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 5 1
- experience (gains) losses (3)  
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 20 (2)
Benefits paid (63) (88)
Currency translation differences and other changes (22) 2
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 268 278
Present value of benefit liabilities | Defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,490 1,348
Current cost 26 21
Interest cost/income 31 44
Remeasurements: 66 70
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (11)  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 93 60
- experience (gains) losses (16) 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (2) 9
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (62) (52)
Currency translation differences and other changes 30 49
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,580 1,490
Present value of benefit liabilities | Italian defined benefit plans    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 269 275
Interest cost/income 2 4
Remeasurements: 5 5
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (3)  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 9 7
- experience (gains) losses (1) (2)
Benefits paid (20) (15)
Currency translation differences and other changes 2  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 258 269
Present value of benefit liabilities | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,044 925
Current cost 23 19
Interest cost/income 27 37
Remeasurements: 48 41
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (10)  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 71 50
- experience (gains) losses (13) (9)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (2) 1
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (33) (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes 32 48
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,140 1,044
Present value of benefit liabilities | FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 177 148
Current cost 3 2
Interest cost/income 2 3
Remeasurements: 13 24
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 2  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 13 3
- experience (gains) losses (2) 21
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements   8
Benefits paid (9) (9)
Currency translation differences and other changes (4) 1
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 182 177
Plan assets    
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year (632) (545)
Interest cost/income (15) (20)
Return on plan assets (51) (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 3  
Plan contributions: (15) (14)
- employee contributions (1) (1)
- employer contributions (14) (13)
Benefits paid 21 19
Currency translation differences and other changes 41 (49)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year (648) (632)
Plan assets | Defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year (632) (545)
Interest cost/income (15) (20)
Return on plan assets (51) (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 3  
Plan contributions: (15) (14)
- employee contributions (1) (1)
- employer contributions (14) (13)
Benefits paid 21 19
Currency translation differences and other changes 41 (49)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year (648) (632)
Plan assets | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year (632) (545)
Interest cost/income (15) (20)
Return on plan assets (51) (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 3  
Plan contributions: (15) (14)
- employee contributions (1) (1)
- employer contributions (14) (13)
Benefits paid 21 19
Currency translation differences and other changes 41 (49)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year (648) (632)
Asset ceiling    
Statement    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year   5
Change in asset ceiling 1 (5)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1  
Asset ceiling | Defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year   5
Change in asset ceiling 1 (5)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1  
Asset ceiling | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Statement    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year   5
Change in asset ceiling 1 € (5)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year € 1