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Provisions for employee benefits - Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques (Details) - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year € 819  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 786 € 819
Other benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 301  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 341 301
Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 518  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 445 518
Italian defined benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 227  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 177 227
Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 129  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 142 129
FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 162  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 126 162
Present value of benefit liabilities    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,451 1,848
Current service cost 67 69
Interest cost/income 29 26
Remeasurements: (199) (135)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 7 (9)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (228) (107)
- experience (gains) losses 22 (19)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 127 107
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (153) (139)
Currency translation differences and other changes (35) (326)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,288 1,451
Present value of benefit liabilities | Other benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 301 268
Current service cost 52 49
Interest cost/income 1  
Remeasurements: (22) (11)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (2) (1)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (15) 2
- experience (gains) losses (5) (12)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 127 107
Benefits paid (87) (56)
Currency translation differences and other changes (31) (56)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 341 301
Present value of benefit liabilities | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,150 1,580
Current service cost 15 20
Interest cost/income 28 26
Remeasurements: (177) (124)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 9 (8)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (213) (109)
- experience (gains) losses 27 (7)
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (66) (83)
Currency translation differences and other changes (4) (270)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 947 1,150
Present value of benefit liabilities | Italian defined benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 227 258
Current service cost 1 1
Interest cost/income 2 1
Remeasurements: (26)  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions   (1)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (34) (1)
- experience (gains) losses 8 2
Benefits paid (28) (36)
Currency translation differences and other changes 1 3
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 177 227
Present value of benefit liabilities | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 761 1,140
Current service cost 11 16
Interest cost/income 24 24
Remeasurements: (118) (118)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 9 (3)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (144) (111)
- experience (gains) losses 17 (4)
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (30) (39)
Currency translation differences and other changes (5) (263)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 644 761
Present value of benefit liabilities | FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 162 182
Current service cost 3 3
Interest cost/income 2 1
Remeasurements: (33) (6)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions   (4)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions (35) 3
- experience (gains) losses 2 (5)
Benefits paid (8) (8)
Currency translation differences and other changes   (10)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 126 162
Plan assets    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 633 648
Interest cost/income 18 12
Return on plan assets (117) (5)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (1)  
Plan contributions: 14 15
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 13 14
Benefits paid (21) (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes (23) (9)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 503 633
Plan assets | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 633 648
Interest cost/income 18 12
Return on plan assets (117) (5)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (1)  
Plan contributions: 14 15
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 13 14
Benefits paid (21) (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes (23) (9)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 503 633
Plan assets | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 633 648
Interest cost/income 18 12
Return on plan assets (117) (5)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (1)  
Plan contributions: 14 15
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 13 14
Benefits paid (21) (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes (23) (9)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 503 633
Asset ceiling    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1 1
Asset ceiling | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1 1
Asset ceiling | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year € 1 € 1