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Provisions for employee benefits - Analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions (Details) - Foreign defined benefit plan
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Minimum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 2.20% 0.30%
Rate of compensation increase 1.90% 1.50%
Rate of price inflation 1.20% 0.70%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 13 years 13 years
Maximum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 15.40% 15.30%
Rate of compensation increase 12.50% 12.50%
Rate of price inflation 11.50% 13.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 24 years 25 years
Euro Area | Minimum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 3.50% 0.90%
Rate of compensation increase 1.90% 1.50%
Rate of price inflation 1.90% 1.50%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 21 years 21 years
Euro Area | Maximum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 3.80% 1.20%
Rate of compensation increase 3.00% 3.00%
Rate of price inflation 2.20% 1.90%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 22 years 23 years
Rest of Europe | Minimum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 2.20% 0.30%
Rate of compensation increase 3.00% 2.50%
Rate of price inflation 1.20% 0.70%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 23 years 23 years
Rest of Europe | Maximum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 4.80% 1.90%
Rate of compensation increase 4.00% 4.00%
Rate of price inflation 3.50% 3.50%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 24 years 25 years
Africa | Minimum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 3.80% 3.00%
Rate of compensation increase 1.90% 1.90%
Rate of price inflation 3.00% 3.00%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 13 years 13 years
Africa | Maximum    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 15.40% 15.30%
Rate of compensation increase 12.50% 12.50%
Rate of price inflation 11.50% 13.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 17 years 15 years
Other areas    
Disclosure Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Discount rate 7.00% 6.70%
Rate of compensation increase 5.00% 5.00%
Rate of price inflation 3.00% 3.00%