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Provisions for employee benefits - Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques (Details) - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year € 786  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 748 € 786
Other benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 341  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 353 341
Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 445  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 395 445
Italian defined benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 177  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 156 177
Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 142  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 121 142
FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 126  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 118 126
Present value of benefit liabilities    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1,288 1,451
Current service cost 64 67
Interest cost/income 49 29
Remeasurements: 28 (199)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 1 7
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 15 (228)
- experience (gains) losses 12 22
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 84 127
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (182) (153)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (155) (4)
Currency translation differences and other changes (170) (31)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 1,007 1,288
Present value of benefit liabilities | Other benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 341 301
Current service cost 51 52
Interest cost/income 10 1
Remeasurements: (2) (22)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions (1) (2)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 1 (15)
- experience (gains) losses (2) (5)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 91 127
Benefits paid (97) (87)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (2)  
Currency translation differences and other changes (39) (31)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 353 341
Present value of benefit liabilities | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 947 1,150
Current service cost 13 15
Interest cost/income 39 28
Remeasurements: 30 (177)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 2 9
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 14 (213)
- experience (gains) losses 14 27
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (7)  
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (85) (66)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (153) (4)
Currency translation differences and other changes (131)  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 654 947
Present value of benefit liabilities | Italian defined benefit plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 177 227
Current service cost 1 1
Interest cost/income 6 2
Remeasurements: 5 (26)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 1  
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 4 (34)
- experience (gains) losses   8
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 2  
Benefits paid (37) (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes 2 1
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 156 177
Present value of benefit liabilities | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 644 761
Current service cost 10 11
Interest cost/income 29 24
Remeasurements: 24 (118)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions 1 9
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 8 (144)
- experience (gains) losses 15 17
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements (13)  
Plan contributions: 1 1
- employee contributions 1 1
Benefits paid (39) (30)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (147) (2)
Currency translation differences and other changes (129) (3)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 380 644
Present value of benefit liabilities | FISDE and other foreign medical plans    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 126 162
Current service cost 2 3
Interest cost/income 4 2
Remeasurements: 1 (33)
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions 2 (35)
- experience (gains) losses (1) 2
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements 4  
Benefits paid (9) (8)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (6) (2)
Currency translation differences and other changes (4) 2
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year 118 126
Plan assets    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 503 633
Interest cost/income 19 18
Return on plan assets   (117)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements   (1)
Plan contributions: 25 14
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 24 13
Benefits paid (31) (21)
Currency translation differences and other changes (132) (23)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (123)  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 261 503
Plan assets | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 503 633
Interest cost/income 19 18
Return on plan assets   (117)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements   (1)
Plan contributions: 25 14
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 24 13
Benefits paid (31) (21)
Currency translation differences and other changes (132) (23)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (123)  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 261 503
Plan assets | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 503  
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year   503
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 503 633
Interest cost/income 19 18
Return on plan assets   (117)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements   (1)
Plan contributions: 25 14
- employee contributions 1 1
- employer contributions 24 13
Benefits paid (31) (21)
Currency translation differences and other changes (132) (23)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (123)  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 261 503
Asset ceiling    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Change in asset ceiling 1  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 2 1
Asset ceiling | Defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Change in asset ceiling 1  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year 2 1
Asset ceiling | Foreign defined benefit plan    
Disclosure Of Liability Asset Of Benefit Plans [Line Items]    
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year 1 1
Change in asset ceiling 1  
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year € 2 € 1