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Related Party Transactions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Text Block [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions
23. Related party transactions
A related party is a person or entity that is related to the Group. These include both people and entities that have, or are subject to, the influence or control of the Group.
Joint ventures
The following related party balances existed with associate or joint venture businesses at 31 December:
 
Related party balances
  
€ million
2020
Total
   € million
2019
Total		 
Sales to joint ventures
  
 
1,004
 
   839 
Purchases from joint ventures
  
 
118
 
   113 
Receivables from joint ventures
  
 
80
 
   92 
Payables to joint ventures
  
 
43
 
   38 
Loans to joint ventures
  
 
255
 
   289 
Royalties and service fees
  
 
21
 
   23 
Significant joint ventures are Unilever FIMA Lda for Portugal, Binzagr Unilever Distribution and Al Gurg Unilever for Middle East, the Pepsi/Lipton Partnership for the US and Pepsi Lipton International Ltd for the rest of the world.
Associates
There are no trading balances from/to associates.
Langholm Capital II was launched in 2009. Unilever has invested €64 million in Langholm II, with an outstanding commitment at the end of 2020 of €2 million (2019: €11 million). During 2020, Unilever received €nil (2019: €nil) from its investment in Langholm Capital II.