Commitments and contingent liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Disclosure of contingent liabilities [abstract]

20. Commitments and contingent liabilities

Commitments

Lease commitments are the future cash outflows from the lease contracts which are not recorded in the measurement of lease liabilities. These include potential future payments related to leases of low-value assets, leases which are less than twelve months, variable leases, extension and termination options and leases not yet commenced but which we have committed to.

Other commitments principally comprise commitments under contract to purchase materials and services. They do not include commitments to purchase property, plant and equipment, which are reported in note 10 on pages 175 to 177.


	€ million	€ million	€ million	€ million
	Leases	Leases	Other Commitments	Other Commitments
Lease commitments and other commitments fall due as follows:	2022	2021	2022	2021
Within 1 year	64	56	1,806	1,233
Later than 1 year but not later than 5 years	91	90	2,020	1,554
Later than 5 years	164	23	231	501
	319	169	4,057	3,288

20. Commitments and contingent liabilities continued

Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are either possible obligations that will probably not require a transfer of economic benefits, or present obligations that may, but probably will not, require a transfer of economic benefits. It is not appropriate to make provisions for contingent liabilities, but there is a chance that they will result in an obligation in the future. Assessing the amount of liabilities that are not probable is highly judgemental, so contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of the known maximum exposure.

Contingent liabilities arise in respect of litigations against group companies, investigations by competition, regulatory and fiscal authorities and obligations arising under environmental legislation. In many markets, there is a high degree of complexity involved in the local tax regimes. The majority of contingent liabilities are in respect of fiscal matters in Brazil.

In the case of fiscal matters, the known maximum exposure is the amount included in a tax assessment.


	€ million	€ million
Summary of contingent liabilities	2022	2021
Corporate reorganisation – IPI, PIS and COFINS taxes and penalties	3,292	2,549
Inputs for PIS and COFINS taxes	40	36
Goodwill amortisation	154	137
Other tax assessments – approximately 700 cases	876	749
Total Brazil Tax	4,362	3,471
Other contingent liabilities	609	656
Total contingent liabilities	4,971	4,127

Brazil tax

During 2004, and in common with many other businesses operating in Brazil, one of our Brazilian subsidiaries received a notice of infringement from the Federal Revenue Service in respect of indirect taxes regarding corporate reorganisation. The notice alleges that a 2001 reorganisation of our local corporate structure was undertaken without a valid business purpose. The 2001 reorganisation was comparable with restructuring done by many companies in Brazil. The original dispute was resolved in the courts in the Group’s favour. However, in 2013 a new assessment was raised in respect of a similar matter. Additionally, during the course of 2014 and between 2017 and 2022, other notices of infringement were issued based on the same grounds argued in the previous assessments. The total amount of the tax assessments in respect of this matter is €3,292 million (2021: €2,549 million).

The Group believes that the likelihood that the Brazilian tax authorities will ultimately prevail is low, however there can be no guarantee of success in court. In each case we believe our position is strong, so they have not been provided for and are considered to be contingent liabilities. Due to the fiscal environment in Brazil, the possibility of further tax assessments related to the same matters cannot be ruled out. We expect that tax litigation cases related to this matter may move from the Administrative to the Judicial Courts, although the exact timing is uncertain. In such case, we will be required to make a judicial deposit or provide a guarantee in respect of the disputed tax, interest and penalties. The judicial process in Brazil is likely to take a number of years to conclude.

The contingent liabilities reported for indirect taxes relating to disputes with the Brazilian authorities are separate from the provisions listed in note 19. Unilever does not hold provisions and contingent liabilities for the same matters.