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Related party transactions - Summary of Related Party Balances Existed with Associate or Joint Venture Businesses (Details) - Joint ventures - EUR (€)
€ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of Transactions between Related Parties [Line Items]    
Sales to joint ventures € 1,144 € 1,158
Purchases from joint ventures 134 134
Receivables from joint ventures 99 78
Payables to joint ventures 111 33
Loans to joint ventures 219 226
Royalties and service fees € 19 € 22