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Consolidated cash flow statement - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Operating profit (loss) from continuing operations, before tax | [1] | £ 4,032 | £ (481) | £ 3,983
Operating profit before tax from discontinued operations |  | 279 | 130 | 249
Impairment (releases)/losses |  | (1,335) | 3,242 | 696
Amortisation of discounts and premiums of other financial assets |  | 203 | 267 | 255
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment of other assets |  | 923 | 914 | 1,220
Change in fair value taken to profit or loss of other financial assets |  | 1,771 | (1,474) | (280)
Change in fair value taken to profit or loss on other financial liabilities and subordinated liabilities |  | (1,083) | 962 | 856
Elimination of foreign exchange differences |  | 2,446 | (2,497) | 949
Other non-cash items |  | (164) | (2) | (272)
Income receivable on other financial assets |  | (581) | (518) | (854)
(Profit)/loss on sale of other financial assets |  | (118) | (96) | 22
(Profit)/loss on sale of subsidiaries and associates |  | (48) | 16 | (2,224)
Share of (profit)/loss of associates |  | (216) | 30 | 14
Loss/(profit) on sale of other assets and net assets/liabiltiies |  | 23 | (16) | (58)
Interest payable on MRELs and subordinated liabilities |  | 964 | 1,182 | 1,151
Loss on sale of MRELs and subordinated liabilities |  | 145 | 324 |
Charges and releases on provisions |  | 478 | 296 | 1,243
Defined benefit pension schemes |  | 215 | 215 | 188
Net cash flow from trading activities |  | 7,934 | 2,494 | 7,138
Decrease/(increase) in trading assets |  | 7,751 | 4,147 | (659)
Decrease/(increase) in derivative assets |  | 59,697 | (16,173) | (16,680)
Decrease/(increase) in settlement balance assets |  | 156 | 2,090 | (1,459)
(Increase)/decrease in loans to banks |  | (252) | (554) | 3,563
Decrease/(increase) in loans to customers |  | 2,721 | (33,748) | (22,642)
(Increase)/decrease in other financial assets |  | (128) | 221 | 924
(Increase)/decrease in other assets |  | (57) | 8 | 707
Increase in assets of disposal groups |  | (9,015) |  |
Increase/(decrease) in banks deposits |  | 5,673 | 113 | (2,804)
Increase/(decrease) in customer deposits |  | 48,071 | 62,492 | 8,333
(Decrease)/increase in settlement balance liabilities |  | (350) | (1,652) | 1,003
(Decrease)/increase in trading liabilities |  | (7,658) | (1,693) | 1,599
(Decrease)/increase in derivative liabilities |  | (59,870) | 13,826 | 17,982
Increase/(decrease) in other financial liabilities |  | 938 | (1,085) | 2,871
Increase/(decrease) in notes in circulation |  | 392 | 546 | (43)
Decrease in other liabilities |  | (1,463) | (1,723) | (2,634)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | 46,606 | 26,815 | (9,939)
Income taxes paid |  | (856) | (214) | (278)
Net cash flows from operating activities | [2] | 53,684 | 29,095 | (3,079)
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Sale and maturity of other financial assets |  | 16,859 | 25,952 | 19,990
Purchase of other financial assets |  | (10,150) | (18,825) | (21,345)
Income received on other financial assets |  | 581 | 518 | 854
Net movement in business interests and intangible assets |  | (3,489) | (70) | (84)
Sale of property, plant and equipment |  | 165 | 348 | 428
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  | (901) | (376) | (559)
Net cash flows from investing activities |  | 3,065 | 7,547 | (716)
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |
Movement in MRELs |  | 2,736 | 636 | 1,927
Movement in subordinated liabilities |  | (3,452) | (2,381) | (1,064)
Ordinary shares issued |  |  |  | 17
Share cancellation |  | (1,806) | (2) | (21)
Dividends paid |  | (1,016) | (381) | (3,429)
Issue of paid-in equity |  | 937 | 2,218 |
Net cash flows from financing activities |  | (2,601) | 90 | (2,570)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | (2,641) | 1,879 | (1,983)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 51,507 | 38,611 | (8,348)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January |  | 139,199 | 100,588 | 108,936
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December |  | £ 190,706 | £ 139,199 | £ 100,588
[1] | Comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reclassify certain items as discontinued operations as described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
[2] | Includes interest received of £9,696 million (2020 - £10,007 million, 2019 - £11,245 million) and interest paid of £1,668 million (2020 - £2,414 million, 2019 - £3,318 million).

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- Definition The cash flows from income taxes paid or refunded, classified as operating activities. [Refer: Income taxes paid (refund)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 35 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_35&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph f -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_14_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents after the effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents held in foreign currencies. [Refer: Cash and cash equivalents; Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 45 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_45&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from interest received, classified as investing activities. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 31 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_31&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from issuing equity instruments that the entity does not separately disclose in the same statement or note. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_17_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from issuing shares. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_17_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from sales of property, plant and equipment, classified as investing activities. [Refer: Property, plant and equipment] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 16 -Subparagraph b -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_16_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for the purchases of property, plant and equipment, classified as investing activities. [Refer: Property, plant and equipment] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 16 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_16_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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