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Pensions - History of defined benefit schemes (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets | £ 57,787 | £ 57,249 | £ 51,925 | £ 48,752 | £ 49,746
Present value of plan obligations | 46,808 | 48,864 | 44,115 | 39,607 | 42,378
Net surplus/(deficit) | 10,979 | 8,385 | 7,810 | 9,145 | 7,368
Actual return on plan assets | £ 1,667 | £ 7,064 | £ 4,930 | £ (848) | £ 3,013
Actual return on plan assets - % | 2.90% | 13.60% | 10.10% | (1.70%) | 6.10%
Plan liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains/(losses) | £ 237 | £ 455 | £ 279 | £ (81) | £ (93)
Plan assets |  |  |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains/(losses) | 872 | 6,027 | 3,556 | (2,090) | 1,728
Main Scheme |  |  |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets | 52,021 | 51,323 | 46,555 | 43,806 | 44,652
Present value of plan obligations | 42,020 | 43,870 | 39,669 | 35,466 | 37,937
Net surplus/(deficit) | 10,001 | 7,453 | 6,886 | 8,340 | 6,715
Actual return on plan assets | £ 1,554 | £ 6,422 | £ 4,266 | £ (768) | £ 2,735
Actual return on plan assets - % | 3.00% | 13.80% | 9.70% | (1.70%) | 6.20%
Main Scheme | Plan liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains/(losses) | £ 241 | £ 427 | £ 275 | £ (122) | £ (107)
Main Scheme | Plan assets |  |  |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains/(losses) | £ 841 | £ 5,486 | £ 3,021 | £ (1,891) | £ 1,580

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- Definition The amount of other comprehensive income, before tax, resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Experience adjustments deal with the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred. [Refer: Other comprehensive income, before tax, gains (losses) on remeasurements of defined benefit plans] [Contrast: Decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 135 -Subparagraph b -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_135_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The present value, without deducting any plan assets, of expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods. [Refer: Plan assets, at fair value] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The fair value of defined benefit plan assets. Plan assets comprise assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund and qualifying insurance policies. [Refer: At fair value [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition The fair value of any plan assets, less the present value of the defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Plan assets [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2021-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2021-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2021-03-24 + Details
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- Definition Actual return on plan assets refers to the dividends, interest, and capital gains generated by assets held in a company's pension fund. + References No definition available. + Details
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