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Pensions - Changes in value of net pension (assets)/liability (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   £ (488) £ (602) £ (495)
Currency translation and other adjustments     10 (21)
Net interest expense     (10)  
Current service cost     213  
Past service cost     12  
Income statement     215 215
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income     (872)  
Experience gains and losses     236  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions     (1,204)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions     379  
Asset ceiling adjustments     2,602  
Statement of comprehensive income     (669) 4
Contributions by employer     (780) (296)
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement       (1)
Balance at end of year     (488) (602)
Main Scheme        
Pensions        
Currency translation and other adjustments       4
Net interest expense     (5)  
Current service cost     158  
Past service cost     6  
Income statement     159 159
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income     (841)  
Experience gains and losses     241  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions     (1,165)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions     350  
Asset ceiling adjustments     2,443  
Statement of comprehensive income     (546) (70)
Contributions by employer     (705) (233)
Main Scheme | Forecast        
Pensions        
Contributions by employer   (714)    
Main Scheme | If distributions are made in coming financial year        
Pensions        
Contributions by employer   (500)    
Main Scheme | If distributions are made in coming financial year | Maximum        
Pensions        
Contributions by employer £ (500)      
Fair value of plan assets        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   (57,787) (57,249) (51,925)
Currency translation and other adjustments     129 (92)
Net interest expense     (795)  
Income statement     (795) (1,037)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income     (872)  
Statement of comprehensive income     872 6,027
Contributions by employer     (780) (296)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members     (13) (14)
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement       2
Benefits paid     (1,793) 2,140
Balance at end of year     (57,787) (57,249)
Fair value of plan assets | Main Scheme        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   (52,021) (51,323) (46,555)
Net interest expense     (713)  
Income statement     (713) (936)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income     (841)  
Statement of comprehensive income     841 5,486
Contributions by employer     (705) (233)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members     (8) (9)
Benefits paid     1,569 1,896
Balance at end of year     (52,021) (51,323)
Present value of defined benefit obligation        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   46,808 48,864 44,115
Currency translation and other adjustments     (116) 71
Net interest expense     676  
Current service cost     213  
Past service cost     12  
Income statement     901 1,103
Experience gains and losses     236  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions     (1,204)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions     379  
Statement of comprehensive income     1,061 (5,704)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members     13 14
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement       (3)
Benefits paid     (1,793) (2,140)
Balance at end of year     46,808 48,864
Present value of defined benefit obligation | Main Scheme        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   42,020 43,870 39,669
Currency translation and other adjustments       4
Net interest expense     603  
Current service cost     158  
Past service cost     6  
Income statement     767 954
Experience gains and losses     241  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions     (1,165)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions     350  
Statement of comprehensive income     1,056 (5,130)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members     8 9
Benefits paid     (1,569) (1,896)
Balance at end of year     42,020 43,870
Asset ceiling/minimum funding        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   10,491 7,783 7,315
Currency translation and other adjustments     (3)  
Net interest expense     109  
Income statement     109 149
Asset ceiling adjustments     2,602  
Statement of comprehensive income     (2,602) (319)
Balance at end of year     10,491 7,783
Asset ceiling/minimum funding | Main Scheme        
Pensions        
Balance at beginning of year   £ 10,001 7,453 6,886
Net interest expense     105  
Income statement     105 141
Asset ceiling adjustments     2,443  
Statement of comprehensive income     (2,443) (426)
Balance at end of year     £ 10,001 £ 7,453