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Segmental analysis - Operating profit or (loss) before tax (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Segmental analysis |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | £ 9,842 | £ 7,535 | [1] | £ 7,389 | [1]
Net fees and commissions | 2,292 | 2,120 |  | 1,982 |
Other non-interest income | 1,022 | 774 |  | 1,032 |
Total income | 13,156 | 10,429 | [1] | 10,403 | [1]
Depreciation and amortisation | (833) | (923) | [1] | (913) | [1]
Operating expenses |  |  |  | (6,945) |
Other operating expenses | (6,854) | (6,835) |  |  |
Impairment (losses)/releases | (337) | 1,173 | [1] | (3,098) | [1]
Operating (loss)/profit before tax | 5,132 | 3,844 | [1] | (553) | [1]
Retail Banking |  |  |  |  |
Segmental analysis |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | 5,224 | 4,074 |  | 3,868 |
Net fees and commissions | 422 | 377 |  | 379 |
Other non-interest income |  | (6) |  | (66) |
Total income | 5,646 | 4,445 |  | 4,181 |
Depreciation and amortisation |  | (85) |  |  |
Operating expenses |  |  |  | (2,540) |
Other operating expenses | (2,593) | (2,428) |  |  |
Impairment (losses)/releases | (229) | 36 |  | (792) |
Operating (loss)/profit before tax | 2,824 | 1,968 |  | 849 |
Private Banking |  |  |  |  |
Segmental analysis |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | 777 | 480 |  | 489 |
Net fees and commissions | 250 | 258 |  | 257 |
Other non-interest income | 29 | 78 |  | 17 |
Total income | 1,056 | 816 |  | 763 |
Depreciation and amortisation |  |  |  | (8) |
Operating expenses |  |  |  | (447) |
Other operating expenses | (622) | (520) |  |  |
Impairment (losses)/releases | 2 | 54 |  | (100) |
Operating (loss)/profit before tax | 436 | 350 |  | 208 |
Commercial & Institutional |  |  |  |  |
Segmental analysis |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | 4,171 | 2,974 |  | 3,054 |
Net fees and commissions | 1,580 | 1,440 |  | 1,303 |
Other non-interest income | 662 | 424 |  | 1,221 |
Total income | 6,413 | 4,838 |  | 5,578 |
Depreciation and amortisation | (161) | (173) |  | (182) |
Operating expenses |  |  |  | (3,849) |
Other operating expenses | (3,583) | (3,584) |  |  |
Impairment (losses)/releases | (122) | 1,160 |  | (2,074) |
Operating (loss)/profit before tax | 2,547 | 2,241 |  | (527) |
Central Items and other |  |  |  |  |
Segmental analysis |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | (330) | 7 |  | (22) |
Net fees and commissions | 40 | 45 |  | 43 |
Other non-interest income | 331 | 278 |  | (140) |
Total income | 41 | 330 |  | (119) |
Depreciation and amortisation | (672) | (665) |  | (723) |
Operating expenses |  |  |  | (109) |
Other operating expenses | (56) | (303) |  |  |
Impairment (losses)/releases | 12 | (77) |  | (132) |
Operating (loss)/profit before tax | £ (675) | £ (715) |  | £ (1,083) |
[1] | Comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reclassify certain items as discontinued operations as described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

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