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Tax - Reconciliation (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions |  | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Apr. 01, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Tax |  |  |  |  |  |
UK corporation tax |  | 25.00% | 23.50% | 19.00% | 19.00% |
Profit before tax | [1] |  | £ 6,178 | £ 5,132 | £ 3,844 | [2]
Expected tax charge |  |  | (1,452) | (975) | (766) |
Losses and temporary differences in year where no deferred tax asset recognised |  |  | (56) | (118) | (51) |
Foreign profits taxed at other rates |  |  | 10 | (62) | (11) |
Non deductible goodwill impairment |  |  |  |  | (16) |
losses on disposals and write-downs |  |  | (63) | (10) | (55) |
UK bank levy |  |  | (27) | (20) | (18) |
regulatory and legal actions |  |  | (1) | (7) | (74) |
other disallowable items |  |  | (57) | (51) | (28) |
Foreign exchange recycling on UBIDAC capital reduction |  |  | 114 |  |  |
RPI-related uplift on index linked gilts |  |  | 6 | 67 |  |
other non-taxable items |  |  | 20 | 29 | 73 |
Taxable foreign exchange movements |  |  | 9 | (19) | 8 |
Unrecognised losses brought forward and utilised |  |  | 27 | 6 | 10 |
Banking surcharge |  |  | (236) | (447) | (341) |
Tax on paid-in equity |  |  | 52 | 43 | 48 |
UK tax rate change impact |  |  |  | (10) | 165 |
Adjustments in respect of prior years |  |  | (165) | 32 | 48 |
Tax charge for the year |  |  | (1,434) | (1,275) | (996) | [2]
Deferred tax assets |  |  | 1,894 | 2,178 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | £ 141 | £ 227 |  |
Banking Surcharge Rate |  | 3.00% | 4.25% | 8.00% |  |
Total losses carried forward |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets |  |  | £ 1,019 | £ 952 |  |
UK |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit before tax |  |  | 6,196 | 5,716 | 4,143 |
Net increase/(decrease) in the carrying value of deferred tax assets in respect of: |  |  | 371 | 272 | (9) |
Benefit from group relief and loss relief claims at higher tax rates |  |  | 69 |  |  |
Republic of Ireland |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase/(decrease) in the carrying value of deferred tax assets in respect of: |  |  | (1) | £ (5) | (27) |
Netherlands |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase/(decrease) in the carrying value of deferred tax assets in respect of: |  |  | £ 15 |  | £ 48 |
[1] | Comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reclassify certain operations as discontinued operations as described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
[2] | Comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reclassify certain items as discontinued operations as described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

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