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Non-interest income | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Non-interest income |
Non-interest income | 2 Non-interest income
There are three main categories of non-interest income: net fees and commissions, trading income, and other operating income. Net fees and commissions is the difference between fees received from customers for services provided by NatWest Group, such as credit card annual fees, underwriting fees, payment services, brokerage fees, trade finance, investment management fees, trustee and fiduciary services, and fees incurred in the provision of those services, such as credit card interchange fees, customer incentives, loan administration, foreign currency transaction charges, and brokerage fees. Trading income is earned from short-term financial assets and financial liabilities to either make a spread between purchase and sale price or held to take advantage of movements in prices and yields. Other operating income includes revenue from other operating activities which are not related to the principal activities of the company, such as: share of profit or loss from associates; operating lease income; the profit or loss on the sale of a subsidiary; or property, plant and equipment; profit or loss on own debt; and changes in the fair value of financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss. For accounting policy information refer to Accounting policies 3.1 and 3.6.
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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 (1)
Continuing operations | ​ | £m | ​ | £m | ​ | £m
Net fees and commissions (2) |  | 2,330 |  | 2,292 |  | 2,120
Trading income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Foreign exchange |  | 270 | ​ | 305 | ​ | 364
Interest rate (3) |  | 595 | ​ | 752 | ​ | (130)
Credit |  | (72) | ​ | 17 | ​ | 83
Changes in fair value of own debt and derivative liabilities attributable to own credit risk | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
- debt securities in issue |  | (2) | ​ | 42 | ​ | 6
Equities, commodities and other |  | 3 | ​ | 17 | ​ | —
​ |  | 794 | ​ | 1,133 | ​ | 323
Other operating income | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Gain/(loss) on redemption of own debt | ​ | 3 | ​ | (161) | ​ | (145)
Rental income on operating lease assets and investment property |  | 234 |  | 230 |  | 225
Changes in fair value of financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (4) | ​ | (150) | ​ | 17 | ​ | (8)
Changes in fair value of other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (5) | ​ | 50 | ​ | (45) | ​ | 5
Hedge ineffectiveness |  | 52 |  | (20) |  | 25
Loss on disposal of amortised cost assets and liabilities |  | (5) |  | (15) |  | (15)
(Loss)/profit on disposal of fair value through other comprehensive income assets |  | (43) |  | (168) |  | 117
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment |  | (21) |  | (5) |  | (30)
Share of (losses)/profits of associated entities |  | (9) |  | (30) |  | 216
Profit on disposal of subsidiaries and associates | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 48
Foreign exchange recycling gains/(losses) | ​ | 484 | ​ | 5 | ​ | (10)
Other income (6) |  | (16) |  | 81 |  | 23
​ | ​ | 579 | ​ | (111) | ​ | 451
​ | ​ | 3,703 | ​ | 3,314 | ​ | 2,894
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(1) | Comparative results have been re-presented from those previously published to reclassify certain items as discontinued operations as described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) | Refer to Note 4 for further analysis.
(3) | Includes fair value changes on derivatives which have not been designated in a hedge accounting relationship and gains and losses from the management of the NatWest Group’s funding requirements involving the use of derivatives including foreign exchange. These are aimed at managing the interest rate and foreign exchange risk that NatWest Group is exposed to.
(4) | Includes related derivatives.
(5) | Includes instruments that have failed solely payments of principal and interest testing under IFRS 9.
(6) | 2022 includes £92 million profit from insurance liabilities.

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