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Pensions - Changes in value of net pension assets/(liability) (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
12 Months Ended 24 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year £ (220) £ (488)  
Currency translation and other adjustments (4) (2)  
Net interest expense (15)    
Current service cost (105)    
Past service cost 8    
Loss on curtailments and settlements 24    
Income statement - operating expenses 122 205  
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income 1,182    
Experience gains and losses (1,599)    
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions 776    
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions (436)    
Asset ceiling adjustments (2,841)    
Statement of comprehensive income (280) (840)  
Contributions by employer 280 775  
Balance at end of year (102) (220) £ (220)
Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Net interest expense (5)    
Current service cost (76)    
Past service cost 2    
Income statement - operating expenses 73 140  
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income 1,042    
Experience gains and losses (1,531)    
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions 585    
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions (379)    
Asset ceiling adjustments (2,643)    
Statement of comprehensive income (136) (568)  
Contributions by employer 209 708  
Contributions expected to be paid to plan in 2024 207    
Contributions resulting from ring-fencing arrangements     1,000
Fair value of plan assets      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year (37,598) (57,787)  
Currency translation and other adjustments 21 (78)  
Net interest expense (1,841)    
Income statement - operating expenses (1,841) (1,041)  
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income 1,182    
Statement of comprehensive income (1,182) (20,326)  
Contributions by employer 278 775  
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members (12) (13)  
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement 50 113  
Benefits paid 1,365 1,657  
Balance at end of year (37,111) (37,598) (37,598)
Fair value of plan assets | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year (34,016) (52,021)  
Net interest expense (1,677)    
Income statement - operating expenses (1,677) (932)  
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income 1,042    
Statement of comprehensive income (1,042) (18,180)  
Contributions by employer 209 708  
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members (7) (7)  
Benefits paid 1,229 1,472  
Balance at end of year (33,638) (34,016) (34,016)
Present value of defined benefit obligation      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 27,601 46,808  
Currency translation and other adjustments (21) 65  
Net interest expense 1,341    
Current service cost (105)    
Past service cost 8    
Loss on curtailments and settlements 24    
Income statement - operating expenses 1,478 1,055  
Experience gains and losses (1,599)    
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions 776    
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions (436)    
Statement of comprehensive income (1,939) 18,570  
Contributions by employer 2    
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members 12 13  
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement (50) (113)  
Benefits paid (1,365) (1,657)  
Balance at end of year 29,592 27,601 27,601
Present value of defined benefit obligation | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 24,733 42,020  
Net interest expense 1,208    
Current service cost (76)    
Past service cost 2    
Income statement - operating expenses 1,286 892  
Experience gains and losses (1,531)    
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions 585    
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions (379)    
Statement of comprehensive income (1,737) 16,714  
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members 7 7  
Benefits paid (1,229) (1,472)  
Balance at end of year 26,534 24,733 24,733
Asset ceiling/minimum funding      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 9,777 10,491  
Currency translation and other adjustments (4) 11  
Net interest expense 485    
Income statement - operating expenses 485 191  
Asset ceiling adjustments (2,841)    
Statement of comprehensive income 2,841 916  
Balance at end of year 7,417 9,777 9,777
Asset ceiling/minimum funding | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 9,283 10,001  
Net interest expense 464    
Income statement - operating expenses 464 180  
Asset ceiling adjustments (2,643)    
Statement of comprehensive income 2,643 898  
Balance at end of year £ 7,104 £ 9,283 £ 9,283