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Pensions - Changes in value of net pension assets/(liability) (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | £ (110) | £ (102) | £ (220)
Currency translation and other adjustments |  |  | (4)
Net interest expense |  | (8) |
Current service cost |  | (99) |
Past service cost |  | 3 |
Loss on curtailments and settlements |  | (8) |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 86 | 122
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income |  | 4,860 |
Experience gains and losses |  | (3) |
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions |  | (2,343) |
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions |  | 62 |
Asset ceiling adjustments |  | (2,416) |
Other comprehensive income |  | (166) | (280)
Contributions by employer |  | 250 | 280
Benefits paid |  | (10) |
Balance at end of year |  | (110) | (102)
Main Pension Scheme |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Net interest expense |  | (4) |
Current service cost |  | (72) |
Past service cost |  | 3 |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 71 | 73
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income |  | 4,612 |
Experience gains and losses |  | 13 |
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions |  | (2,182) |
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions |  | 77 |
Asset ceiling adjustments |  | (2,360) |
Other comprehensive income |  | (134) | (136)
Contributions by employer |  | 205 | 209
Main Pension Scheme | Forecast |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Contributions expected to be paid to plan in 2025 | 39 |  |
Fair value of plan assets |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | (32,757) | (37,111) | (37,598)
Currency translation and other adjustments |  | 5 | 21
Net interest expense |  | (1,737) |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | (1,737) | (1,841)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income |  | 4,860 |
Other comprehensive income |  | (4,860) | (1,182)
Contributions by employer |  | 250 | 278
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members |  | (11) | (12)
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement |  | 42 | 50
Benefits paid |  | 1,445 | 1,365
Balance at end of year |  | (32,757) | (37,111)
Fair value of plan assets | Main Pension Scheme |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | (29,546) | (33,638) | (34,016)
Net interest expense |  | (1,589) |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | (1,589) | (1,677)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income |  | 4,612 |
Other comprehensive income |  | (4,612) | (1,042)
Contributions by employer |  | 205 | 209
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members |  | (7) | (7)
Benefits paid |  | 1,281 | 1,229
Balance at end of year |  | (29,546) | (33,638)
Present value of defined benefit obligation |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 27,287 | 29,592 | 27,601
Currency translation and other adjustments |  | (9) | (21)
Net interest expense |  | 1,374 |
Current service cost |  | (99) |
Past service cost |  | 3 |
Loss on curtailments and settlements |  | (8) |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 1,468 | 1,478
Experience gains and losses |  | (3) |
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions |  | (2,343) |
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions |  | 62 |
Other comprehensive income |  | 2,278 | (1,939)
Contributions by employer |  |  | 2
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members |  | 11 | 12
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement |  | (42) | (50)
Benefits paid |  | (1,455) | (1,365)
Balance at end of year |  | 27,287 | 29,592
Present value of defined benefit obligation | Main Pension Scheme |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 24,461 | 26,534 | 24,733
Net interest expense |  | 1,244 |
Current service cost |  | (72) |
Past service cost |  | 3 |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 1,319 | 1,286
Experience gains and losses |  | 13 |
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions |  | (2,182) |
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions |  | 77 |
Other comprehensive income |  | 2,118 | (1,737)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members |  | 7 | 7
Benefits paid |  | (1,281) | (1,229)
Balance at end of year |  | 24,461 | 26,534
Asset ceiling/minimum funding |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | 5,360 | 7,417 | 9,777
Currency translation and other adjustments |  | 4 | (4)
Net interest expense |  | 355 |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 355 | 485
Asset ceiling adjustments |  | (2,416) |
Other comprehensive income |  | 2,416 | 2,841
Balance at end of year |  | 5,360 | 7,417
Asset ceiling/minimum funding | Main Pension Scheme |  |  |
Pensions |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | £ 5,085 | 7,104 | 9,283
Net interest expense |  | 341 |
Income statement - operating expenses |  | 341 | 464
Asset ceiling adjustments |  | (2,360) |
Other comprehensive income |  | 2,360 | 2,643
Balance at end of year |  | £ 5,085 | £ 7,104

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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in demographic assumptions that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Demographic assumptions deal with matters such as: (a) mortality; (b) rates of employee turnover, disability and early retirement; (c) the proportion of plan members with dependants who will be eligible for benefits; (d) the proportion of plan members who will select each form of payment option available under the plan terms; and (e) claim rates under medical plans. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause ii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_ii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in financial assumptions that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Financial assumptions deal with items such as: (a) the discount rate; (b) benefit levels, excluding any cost of the benefits to be met by employees, and future salary; (c) in the case of medical benefits, future medical costs, including claim handling costs (ie the costs that will be incurred in processing and resolving claims, including legal and adjuster's fees); and (d) taxes payable by the plan on contributions relating to service before the reporting date or on benefits resulting from that service. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause iii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Experience adjustments deal with the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from contributions to a defined benefit plan by the employer. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph f -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from contributions to a defined benefit plan by plan participants. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph f -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from employee service in the current period. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition Line items represent concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with members defined in one or many axes of the table. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The estimate of the expected contributions to be made to a defined benefit plan for the next annual reporting period. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 147 -Subparagraph b -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_147_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 148 -Subparagraph d -Clause iii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_148_d_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the gain (loss) on changes in the effect of limiting a net defined benefit asset to the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in interest income or expense. [Refer: Interest income (expense); Net defined benefit liability (asset); Increase (decrease) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from interest expense (income)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause iv -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_iv&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the remeasurement of that net defined benefit liability (asset). [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from expense (income) included in profit or loss. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Profit (loss)] [Contrast: Post-employment benefit expense in profit or loss, defined benefit plans] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph e -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_e&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the passage of time. [Refer: Interest expense; Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph b -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The amount of deficit or surplus in a defined benefit plan, adjusted for any effect of limiting a net defined benefit asset to the asset ceiling. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 140 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_140_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from past service cost. Past service cost is the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods, resulting from a plan amendment (the introduction or withdrawal of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan) or a curtailment (a significant reduction by the entity in the number of employees covered by a plan). [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph d -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_d&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from payments from the plan. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph g -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_g&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from payments from the plan in respect of settlements. [Refer: Decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from gains (losses) arising from settlements; Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [domain]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph g -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_g&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in interest income or expense. The return on plan assets is interest, dividends and other revenue derived from the plan assets, together with realised and unrealised gains or losses on the plan assets, less any costs of managing plan assets and less any tax payable by the plan itself, other than tax included in the actuarial assumptions used to measure the present value of the defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Plan assets [member]; Net defined benefit liability (asset); Actuarial assumptions [domain]; Increase (decrease) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from interest expense (income)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause i -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The amount of income (expense) resulting from curtailments and settlements. + References No definition available. + Details
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