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Analysis of changes in financing during the year - Subordinated liabilities and MRELs (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Subordinated liabilities |  |  |
Analysis of changes in financing during the year |  |  |
At 1 January | £ 5,714 | £ 6,260 | £ 8,429
Issue of subordinated liabilities | 1,386 | 611 | 648
Redemption of subordinated liabilities | (999) | (1,250) | (3,693)
Interest paid on subordinated liabilities | (459) | (439) | (374)
Net cash flows from financing activities | (72) | (1,078) | (3,419)
Effects of foreign exchange | (54) | (166) | 597
Changes in fair value of subordinated liabilities and MRELs | 76 | 230 | (594)
Preference shares reclassified to subordinated liabilities |  |  | 750
(Gain)/loss on redemption of own debt |  | (3) | 161
Interest payable on subordinated liabilities and MRELs | 465 | 464 | 370
Other | 7 | 7 | (34)
At 31 December | 6,136 | 5,714 | 6,260
MRELs |  |  |
Analysis of changes in financing during the year |  |  |
At 1 January | 21,660 | 22,265 | 23,423
Issue of MRELs | 5,051 | 3,973 | 3,721
Maturity and redemption of MRELs | (2,854) | (4,236) | (4,992)
Interest paid on MRELs | (885) | (844) | (703)
Net cash flows from financing activities | 1,312 | (1,107) | (1,974)
Effects of foreign exchange | (49) | (987) | 1,889
Changes in fair value of subordinated liabilities and MRELs | 124 | 601 | (1,806)
Interest payable on subordinated liabilities and MRELs | 942 | 888 | 733
Other | 9 |  |
At 31 December | £ 23,998 | £ 21,660 | £ 22,265

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