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Pensions - Changes in value of net pension assets/(liability) (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year £ (110) £ (102) £ (220)
Currency translation and other adjustments     (4)
Net interest expense   (8)  
Current service cost   (99)  
Past service cost   3  
Loss on curtailments and settlements   (8)  
Income statement - operating expenses   86 122
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income   4,860  
Experience gains and losses   (3)  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions   (2,343)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions   62  
Asset ceiling adjustments   (2,416)  
Other comprehensive income   (166) (280)
Contributions by employer   250 280
Benefits paid   (10)  
Balance at end of year   (110) (102)
Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Net interest expense   (4)  
Current service cost   (72)  
Past service cost   3  
Income statement - operating expenses   71 73
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income   4,612  
Experience gains and losses   13  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions   (2,182)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions   77  
Asset ceiling adjustments   (2,360)  
Other comprehensive income   (134) (136)
Contributions by employer   205 209
Main Pension Scheme | Forecast      
Pensions      
Contributions expected to be paid to plan in 2025 39    
Fair value of plan assets      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year (32,757) (37,111) (37,598)
Currency translation and other adjustments   5 21
Net interest expense   (1,737)  
Income statement - operating expenses   (1,737) (1,841)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income   4,860  
Other comprehensive income   (4,860) (1,182)
Contributions by employer   250 278
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members   (11) (12)
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement   42 50
Benefits paid   1,445 1,365
Balance at end of year   (32,757) (37,111)
Fair value of plan assets | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year (29,546) (33,638) (34,016)
Net interest expense   (1,589)  
Income statement - operating expenses   (1,589) (1,677)
Return on plan assets excluding recognised interest income   4,612  
Other comprehensive income   (4,612) (1,042)
Contributions by employer   205 209
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members   (7) (7)
Benefits paid   1,281 1,229
Balance at end of year   (29,546) (33,638)
Present value of defined benefit obligation      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 27,287 29,592 27,601
Currency translation and other adjustments   (9) (21)
Net interest expense   1,374  
Current service cost   (99)  
Past service cost   3  
Loss on curtailments and settlements   (8)  
Income statement - operating expenses   1,468 1,478
Experience gains and losses   (3)  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions   (2,343)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions   62  
Other comprehensive income   2,278 (1,939)
Contributions by employer     2
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members   11 12
Assets/liabilities extinguished upon settlement   (42) (50)
Benefits paid   (1,455) (1,365)
Balance at end of year   27,287 29,592
Present value of defined benefit obligation | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 24,461 26,534 24,733
Net interest expense   1,244  
Current service cost   (72)  
Past service cost   3  
Income statement - operating expenses   1,319 1,286
Experience gains and losses   13  
Effect of changes in actuarial financial assumptions   (2,182)  
Effect of changes in actuarial demographic assumptions   77  
Other comprehensive income   2,118 (1,737)
Contributions by plan participants and other scheme members   7 7
Benefits paid   (1,281) (1,229)
Balance at end of year   24,461 26,534
Asset ceiling/minimum funding      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year 5,360 7,417 9,777
Currency translation and other adjustments   4 (4)
Net interest expense   355  
Income statement - operating expenses   355 485
Asset ceiling adjustments   (2,416)  
Other comprehensive income   2,416 2,841
Balance at end of year   5,360 7,417
Asset ceiling/minimum funding | Main Pension Scheme      
Pensions      
Balance at beginning of year £ 5,085 7,104 9,283
Net interest expense   341  
Income statement - operating expenses   341 464
Asset ceiling adjustments   (2,360)  
Other comprehensive income   2,360 2,643
Balance at end of year   £ 5,085 £ 7,104