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Operating segments - Consolidated sales revenue by product (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues $ 40,030 $ 33,781 $ 34,829
Iron Ore [Member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 20,010 15,855 15,239
Aluminium [Member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 10,864 9,342 9,904
Copper [member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 1,760 1,609 1,577
Coal [member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 2,822 2,567 2,703
Industrial minerals [member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 2,060 1,954 2,155
Gold [member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 378 608 1,063
Diamonds [member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues 706 613 698
Other Product [Member]      
Disclosure Of Products And Services [Line Items]      
Sales revenues $ 1,430 $ 1,233 $ 1,490