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Share capital - Rio Tinto plc - Summary of share capital (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Rio Tinto Limited shares were held by Rio Tinto plc 0 0 0
Rio Tinto plc [member]      
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Issued and fully paid up share capital at beginning balance $ 224 $ 224 $ 230
Shares purchased and cancelled (4)   (6)
Issued and fully paid up share capital at ending balance $ 220 $ 224 $ 224
Number of issued and fully paid up share capital at beginning balance 1,384,520,000 1,384,487,000 1,425,378,000
Number of shares held by public at beginning balance 1,384,520,000 1,384,487,000  
Ordinary shares issued 26,241 33,210 21,709
Shares purchased and cancelled (32,937,000)   (40,913,000)
Shares purchased and cancelled (32,937,109) 0 (40,912,881)
Number of issued and fully paid up share capital at ending balance 1,351,609,000 1,384,520,000 1,384,487,000
Number of shares held by public at ending balance 1,351,609,000 1,384,520,000 1,384,487,000
Rio Tinto plc [member] | Shares held by public [member]      
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Number of shares held by public at beginning balance 1,374,822,000 1,374,046,000 1,414,147,000
Shares reissued from treasury 147,000 743,000 790,000
Rio Tinto Limited shares were held by Rio Tinto plc 9,551,000 9,698,000 10,441,000
Number of shares held by public at ending balance 1,342,058,000 1,374,822,000 1,374,046,000
Rio Tinto plc [member] | Special voting share [member]      
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Other share classes 1 only 1 only 1 only
Rio Tinto plc [member] | DLC dividend share [member]      
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Other share classes 1 only 1 only 1 only
Rio Tinto plc [member] | Equalisation share [member]      
Disclosure Of Classes Of Share Capital [Line Items]      
Other share classes 1 only 1 only 1 only