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Principal subsidiaries - Summary of subsidiaries financial information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 40,030 $ 33,781 $ 34,829
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 8,851 4,776 (1,719)
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) 89 159 (853)
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 8,762 4,617 (866)
Other comprehensive income 3,088 (63) (2,030)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year [1] 11,939 4,713 (3,749)
– Non-current assets 76,554 74,177  
– Current assets 18,678 15,055  
– Current liabilities (11,225) (9,362)  
– Non-current liabilities (33,262) (34,133)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 51,115 45,730  
Attributable to non-controlling interests 6,404 6,440  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 44,711 39,290 37,349
Cash flow from operations 13,884 8,465 9,383
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (399) (341) $ (310)
Iron Ore Company of Canada [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 1,867 1,324  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 377 108  
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) 156 44  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 221 64  
Other comprehensive income 144 56  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 521 164  
– Non-current assets 2,535 2,315  
– Current assets 714 627  
– Current liabilities (449) (348)  
– Non-current liabilities (838) (755)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,962 1,839  
Attributable to non-controlling interests 809 759  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 1,153 1,080  
Cash flow from operations 840 302  
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (162) (31)  
Energy Resources of Australia [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 157 193  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year (29) 7  
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) (9) 2  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) (20) 5  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year (29) 7  
– Non-current assets 57 58  
– Current assets 406 383  
– Current liabilities (128) (96)  
– Non-current liabilities (356) (336)  
Net assets/(liabilities) (21) 9  
Attributable to non-controlling interests (7) 2  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) (14) 7  
Cash flow from operations (2) 18  
Turquoise Hill [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 940 1,203  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 22 140  
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) (49) 37  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 71 103  
Other comprehensive income 4 2  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 26 142  
– Non-current assets 9,008 7,969  
– Current assets 4,953 5,702  
– Current liabilities (504) (316)  
– Non-current liabilities (4,311) (4,257)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 9,146 9,098  
Attributable to non-controlling interests 3,982 4,073  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 5,164 5,025  
Cash flow from operations 295 387  
Robe River Mining Co Pty Ltd [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 1,164 982  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 617 482  
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) 242 193  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 375 289  
Other comprehensive income 238 (23)  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 855 459  
– Non-current assets 2,927 2,797  
– Current assets 1,453 1,122  
– Current liabilities (186) (92)  
– Non-current liabilities (752) (666)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 3,442 3,161  
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,375 1,263  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 2,067 1,898  
Cash flow from operations 1,048 824  
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (230) (268)  
Other companies and eliminations [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 1,351 1,139  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 637 517  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 637 517  
Other comprehensive income 158 (20)  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 795 497  
– Non-current assets 4,187 3,976  
– Current assets 571 801  
– Current liabilities (1,357) (1,350)  
– Non-current liabilities (1,666) (1,546)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,735 1,881  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 1,735 1,881  
Cash flow from operations 1,207 817  
Robe river iron associates [member]      
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 2,515 2,121  
Profit/(loss) after tax for the year 1,254 999  
– attributable to non-controlling interests (net earnings/(loss)) 242 193  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings/(loss)) 1,012 806  
Other comprehensive income 396 (43)  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 1,650 956  
– Non-current assets 7,114 6,773  
– Current assets 2,024 1,923  
– Current liabilities (1,543) (1,442)  
– Non-current liabilities (2,418) (2,212)  
Net assets/(liabilities) 5,177 5,042  
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,375 1,263  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 3,802 3,779  
Cash flow from operations 2,255 1,641  
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries $ (230) $ (268)  
[1] Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details. Adjustments to other reserves include currency translation attributable to owners of Rio Tinto, other than that arising on Rio Tinto Limited share capital.