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Principal associates - Reconciliation of financial information for principal associates by carrying value (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of associates [Line Items]      
Revenue $ 40,030 $ 33,781 $ 34,829
Profit after tax 8,851 4,776 (1,719)
Other comprehensive income 3,088 (63) (2,030)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year [1] 11,939 4,713 $ (3,749)
– Non-current assets 76,554 74,177  
– Current assets 18,678 15,055  
– Current liabilities (11,225) (9,362)  
– Non-current liabilities (33,262) (34,133)  
Net assets 51,115 45,730  
Net assets/(liabilities) 51,115 45,730  
Investments in equity accounted units 4,486 5,019  
Boyne Smelters Limited [member]      
Disclosure of associates [Line Items]      
Profit after tax 5 12  
Other comprehensive income 56 (4)  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 61 8  
– Non-current assets 1,468 1,465  
– Current assets 88 66  
– Current liabilities (99) (121)  
– Non-current liabilities (996) (987)  
Net assets $ 461 $ 423  
Group interest (%), Associate 59.40% 59.40%  
Net assets/(liabilities) $ 461 $ 423  
Group's ownership interest 274 251  
Investments in equity accounted units 159 163  
Carrying value of Group's interest $ 433 $ 414  
[1] Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details. Adjustments to other reserves include currency translation attributable to owners of Rio Tinto, other than that arising on Rio Tinto Limited share capital.