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Rio Tinto financial information by business unit - Schedule of financial information by business unit (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Jan. 01, 2018
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue $ 19,914 $ 19,319    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 6,784 6,163    
Depreciation & amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation (2,019) (2,102)    
Impairment charges, net of reversals (123) (357)    
Net earnings 4,380 3,305    
Add back: Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangibles 18 79    
Total capital expenditure per cash flow statement 2,363 1,758    
Less: Net debt (5,229)   $ (3,845)  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 42,333   44,711 $ 44,542
Assets of disposal groups held for sale [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Operating assets 2,333   370  
Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 323 340    
Reportable segments [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Capital expenditure 2,345 1,679    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 2,049 2,117    
Operating assets 47,562   48,556  
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 9,170 8,763    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 5,656 5,607    
Net earnings 3,222 3,255    
Capital expenditure 485 528    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 869 784    
Operating assets 15,778   16,537  
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 57 40    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 30 21    
Net earnings 20 10    
Operating assets 2   2  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 6,148 5,368    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,831 1,666    
Net earnings 871 759    
Capital expenditure 885 521    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 558 603    
Operating assets 15,957   16,346  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Intrasegment [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue (447) (388)    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (3) (22)    
Net earnings (2) (15)    
Operating assets (19)   (18)  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Intersegment & Other [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue (1,450) (1,166)    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (40) 1    
Net earnings (33) 3    
Capital expenditure   2    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1    
Operating assets 767   772  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 51 58    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 85 84    
Net earnings 75 78    
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Bauxite [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,207 957    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 452 377    
Net earnings 246 215    
Capital expenditure 480 291    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 78 60    
Operating assets 2,161   1,897  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Alumina [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,605 1,303    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 435 253    
Net earnings 222 111    
Capital expenditure 79 33    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 97 104    
Operating assets 2,535   2,733  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Bauxite & Alumina [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 2,365 1,872    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 884 608    
Net earnings 466 311    
Capital expenditure 559 324    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 175 164    
Operating assets 4,677   4,612  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Primary Metal [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 3,328 2,833    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 917 803    
Net earnings 437 322    
Capital expenditure 272 154    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 311 341    
Operating assets 9,443   9,946  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Pacific Aluminium [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,265 1,104    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 151 231    
Net earnings 55 92    
Capital expenditure 54 41    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 72 97    
Operating assets 1,070   1,016  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Integrated Operations [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 5,508 4,643    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,912 1,643    
Net earnings 925 728    
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Other Product Group Items [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 589 667    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (166) (61)    
Net earnings (129) (47)    
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Product group operations [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 6,097 5,310    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,746 1,582    
Net earnings 796 681    
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 3,032 1,922    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,360 771    
Net earnings 450 (69)    
Capital expenditure 969 665    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 679 679    
Operating assets 12,122   11,743  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (102) (68)    
Net earnings (53) (35)    
Capital expenditure 1 (1)    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 3 2    
Operating assets 135   135  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Product group operations [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 3,032 1,922    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,462 839    
Net earnings 503 (34)    
Capital expenditure 968 666    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 676 677    
Operating assets 11,987   11,608  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 323 340    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 132 97    
Net earnings 55 19    
Capital expenditure 38 44    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 50 61    
Operating assets 436   441  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 2,864 3,855    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,037 1,434    
Net earnings 473 652    
Capital expenditure 214 145    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 261 306    
Operating assets 3,848   6,313  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 27      
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (18) (5)    
Net earnings (17) (2)    
Operating assets 37   41  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Product group operations [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 2,837 3,855    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,061 1,444    
Net earnings 493 656    
Capital expenditure 214 145    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 261 306    
Operating assets 3,794   6,255  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Uranium [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 201 193    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 14 25    
Net earnings 6 13    
Capital expenditure 3 12    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 2 16    
Operating assets (271)   (327)  
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 9 3    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (27)      
Net earnings (67) (34)    
Capital expenditure 8 (42)    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 17 19    
Operating assets (224)   (328)  
Inter-segment transactions [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue (6) (5)    
Operating assets 211   206  
Product group [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 21,217 19,906    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 9,857 9,478    
Net earnings 4,949 4,563    
Capital expenditure 2,561 1,817    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 2,384 2,391    
Operating assets 47,481   50,611  
Other items [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (559) (351)    
Net earnings (329) (226)    
Capital expenditure 23 6    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 19 20    
Operating assets (2,463)   (2,631)  
Exploration and evaluation [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (100) (85)    
Net earnings (86) (76)    
Net interest [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Net earnings (118) (320)    
Underlying earnings [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 9,198 9,042    
Net earnings 4,416 3,941    
Items excluded from underlying earnings [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue (10) 2    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 325 (70)    
Net earnings (36) (636)    
E B I T D A And Net Earnings        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 9,523 8,972    
Net earnings 4,380 3,305    
Share of equity accounted units and adjustments [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Adjustment for equity accounted units revenue (1,293) (589)    
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units (354) (294)    
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (243) (56)    
Capital expenditure (239) (144)    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated (354) (294)    
Oyu Tolgoi & Turquoise Hill [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 587 441    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 202 143    
Net earnings 38 1    
Capital expenditure 593 347    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 114 166    
Operating assets 5,334   4,725  
Grasberg joint venture [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (5) (28)    
Net earnings (13) (170)    
Capital expenditure 20 81    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 20 16    
Operating assets 1,126   1,137  
Pilbara [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 9,113 8,723    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 5,626 5,586    
Net earnings 3,202 3,245    
Capital expenditure 485 528    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 869 784    
Operating assets $ 15,776   16,535  
Rio Tinto Kennecott [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 100.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 851 564    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 343 346    
Net earnings 107 77    
Capital expenditure 158 114    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 205 209    
Operating assets $ 1,968   1,936  
Escondida [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 30.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 1,271 577    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 790 281    
Net earnings 316 39    
Capital expenditure 159 80    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 287 225    
Operating assets 3,123   3,369  
Rio Tinto Coal Australia [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 837 1,540    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 560 668    
Net earnings 342 395    
Capital expenditure 42 28    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 34 71    
Operating assets $ (1,225)   1,040  
Iron Ore Company of Canada [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 58.70%      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 495 871    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 122 366    
Net earnings 16 112    
Capital expenditure 59 40    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 79 75    
Operating assets 982   988  
Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 857 829    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 229 250    
Net earnings 60 79    
Capital expenditure 86 46    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 107 107    
Operating assets $ 3,632   3,881  
Rio Tinto Minerals [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 100.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 324 325    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 107 120    
Net earnings 60 55    
Capital expenditure 21 15    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 29 26    
Operating assets $ 532   523  
Dampier Salt [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 68.40%      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 123 97    
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 29 15    
Net earnings 9 2    
Capital expenditure 3 4    
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 10 11    
Operating assets 144   150  
Simandou iron ore project [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (6) (5)    
Net earnings (3) $ (2)    
Operating assets $ 17   $ 17  
Gove Alumina Refinery and Rio Tinto Marine [Member]        
Disclosure Of Operating Segments [Line Items]        
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 100.00%