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Related-party transactions - Summary of transactions and balances with equity accounted units (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items] |  |  |
Dividends from equity accounted units | $ 800 | $ 817 | $ 253
Investments in equity accounted units | 4,299 | 4,486 |
Loans to equity accounted units | 38 | 39 |
Investment in equity accounted units [member] |  |  |
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [Line Items] |  |  |
Purchases from equity accounted units | (1,209) | (993) | (1,216)
Sales to equity accounted units | 493 | 210 | 248
Dividends from equity accounted units | 800 | 817 | 253
Net funding of equity accounted units | (9) | (3) | (12)
Investments in equity accounted units | 4,299 | 4,486 | 5,019
Loans to equity accounted units | 38 | 39 | 39
Loans from equity accounted units |  | (31) | (49)
Trade and other receivables: amounts due from equity accounted units (b) | 278 | 299 | 298
Trade and other payables: amounts due to equity accounted units | $ (223) | $ (175) | $ (243)

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- Definition The amount of investments accounted for using the equity method. The equity method is a method of accounting whereby the investment is initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the investor's share of net assets of the investee. The investor's profit or loss includes its share of the profit or loss of the investee. The investor's other comprehensive income includes its share of the other comprehensive income of the investee. [Refer: At cost [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 8 -IssueDate 2017-01-01 -Paragraph 24 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/XBRL?type=IFRS&num=8&date=2017-03-01&anchor=para_24_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2017-03-09 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2017-01-01 -Paragraph B16 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/XBRL?type=IFRS&num=12&date=2017-03-01&anchor=para_B16&doctype=Appendix&seq=2 -URIDate 2017-03-09 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 1 -IssueDate 2017-01-01 -Paragraph 54 -Subparagraph e -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/XBRL?type=IAS&num=1&date=2017-03-01&anchor=para_54_e&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2017-03-09 + Details
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- Definition The amount of goods purchased by the entity in related party transactions. [Refer: Related parties [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 24 -IssueDate 2017-01-01 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/XBRL?type=IAS&num=24&date=2017-03-01&anchor=para_21_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2017-03-09 + Details
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