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Average number of employees | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Number And Average Number Of Employees [Abstract] |
Average number of employees | 32 Average number of employees
| Subsidiaries and joint operations |  | Equity accounted units (Rio Tinto share) |  | Group total |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Principal locations of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
employment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Australia and New Zealand |  | 19,017 |  |  | 19,041 |  |  | 20,489 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 19,595 |  |  | 19,643 |  |  | 21,338 |
Canada |  | 10,620 |  |  | 10,256 |  |  | 10,239 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 10,620 |  |  | 10,256 |  |  | 10,239 |
UK |  | 287 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 487 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 287 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 487 |
Europe |  | 1,418 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 1,722 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 1,418 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 1,722 |
Africa |  | 3,496 |  |  | 3,461 |  |  | 4,875 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 4,758 |  |  | 4,730 |  |  | 6,145 |
US |  | 3,792 |  |  | 3,429 |  |  | 3,196 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 3,792 |  |  | 3,429 |  |  | 3,196 |
Mongolia |  | 2,886 |  |  | 2,861 |  |  | 2,737 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 2,886 |  |  | 2,861 |  |  | 2,737 |
Indonesia |  | 1,615 |  |  | 1,642 |  |  | 2,862 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 1,615 |  |  | 1,642 |  |  | 2,862 |
South America |  | 210 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 1,289 |  |  | 1,237 |  |  | 1,388 |  |  | 1,499 |  |  | 1,434 |  |  | 1,554 |
Other countries (a) |  | 988 |  |  | 998 |  |  | 749 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 988 |  |  | 998 |  |  | 749 |
Total |  | 44,329 |  |  | 43,699 |  |  | 47,522 |  |  | 3,129 |  |  | 3,108 |  |  | 3,507 |  |  | 47,458 |  |  | 46,807 |  |  | 51,029 |
(a) | “Other countries” primarily includes employees in the Middle East (excluding Oman which is included in Africa), India, Singapore and other countries in Asia which are not shown separately in the table above. For the year ended 31 December 2018, the average number of employees in Singapore was 422 (2017: 434; 2016: 262) and the average number of employees in India was 288 (2017: 310; 2016: 280).
Employee numbers, which represent the average for the year, include 100% of employees of subsidiary companies. Employee numbers for joint operations and equity accounted units are proportional to the Group’s interest under contractual agreements. Average employee numbers include a part-year effect for companies acquired or disposed of during the year. Part-time employees are included on a full-time equivalent basis. Temporary employees are included in employee numbers. People employed by contractors are not included.

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