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Operating segments - Summary of capital expenditure within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure $ 4,844 $ 4,344 $ 2,658
Sales of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 586 138 354
Capital expenditure per cash flow statement 5,430 4,482 3,012
Reportable segments [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 5,279 4,691 3,355
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 1,288 1,201 868
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 1,373 1,436 916
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 2,150 1,622 1,441
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 456 467 141
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 12 (35) (11)
Other items [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure 65 70 (46)
Capital expenditure of equity accounted units      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure $ (500) $ (417) $ (651)