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Operating segments - Summary of tax charge within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge $ 4,242 $ 3,965 $ 1,567
Reportable segments [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 3,929 4,030 2,114
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 2,819 2,871 2,005
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 532 543 171
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 118 48 (320)
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 511 652 331
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge (51) (84) (73)
Other items [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge (276) (261) (191)
Exploration and evaluation not attributed to product groups [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge (38) (36) (27)
Finance costs [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge (174) (364) (484)
Underlying earnings [member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge 3,441 3,369 1,412
Tax charge excluded from underlying earnings [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax charge $ 801 $ 596 $ 155