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Earnings per ordinary share - Summary of earnings (loss) per ordinary shares (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Rio Tinto	$ 13,638	$ 8,762	$ 4,617
Diluted earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Rio Tinto	$ 13,638	$ 8,762	$ 4,617
Basic earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Rio Tinto, Weighted average number of shares	1,719.3	1,786.7	1,797.3
Diluted earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of Rio Tinto, Weighted average number of shares	1,731.7	1,799.5	1,808.6
Basic earnings per share	$ 793.2	$ 490.4	$ 256.9
Diluted earnings per share	$ 787.6	$ 486.9	$ 255.3

X

- Definition

The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. [Refer: Ordinary shares [member]; Weighted average [member]]

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The amount of profit (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity (the numerator) divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period (the denominator).

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The amount of profit (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity (the numerator), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period (the denominator), both adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. [Refer: Ordinary shares [member]; Weighted average [member]]

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The profit (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent equity. [Refer: Profit (loss)]

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The profit (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent equity, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. [Refer: Profit (loss)]

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The number of ordinary shares outstanding at the beginning of the period, adjusted by the number of ordinary shares bought back or issued during the period multiplied by a time-weighting factor.

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