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Principal subsidiaries - Summary of subsidiaries financial information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Jan. 01, 2018
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue $ 40,522 $ 40,030 $ 33,781  
Profit after tax for the year 13,925 8,851 4,776  
– attributable to non-controlling interests 287 89 159  
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 13,638 8,762 4,617  
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (3,139) 3,088 (63)  
Total comprehensive income for the year [1] 10,786 11,939 4,713  
– Non-current assets 70,047 76,554    
– Current assets 20,168 18,678    
– Non-current liabilities (30,261) (33,262)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 49,823 51,115    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 6,137 6,404    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 43,686 44,711 39,290 $ 44,542
Cash flow from operations 11,821 13,884 8,465  
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (420) (399) $ (341)  
Iron Ore Company of Canada [member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,561 1,867    
Profit after tax for the year 298 377    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 122 156    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 176 221    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (136) 144    
Total comprehensive income for the year 162 521    
– Non-current assets 2,376 2,535    
– Current assets 459 714    
– Current liabilities (351) (449)    
– Non-current liabilities (791) (838)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,693 1,962    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 699 809    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 994 1,153    
Cash flow from operations 553 840    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (178) (162)    
Energy Resources of Australia Limited [Member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 151 157    
Profit after tax for the year (241) (29)    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 1 (9)    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) (242) (20)    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income 2      
Total comprehensive income for the year (239) (29)    
– Non-current assets 74 57    
– Current assets 311 406    
– Current liabilities (123) (128)    
– Non-current liabilities (522) (356)    
Net assets/(liabilities) (260) (21)    
Attributable to non-controlling interests (6) (7)    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) (254) (14)    
Cash flow from operations (64) (2)    
Turquoise Hill [Member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,180 940    
Profit after tax for the year 139 22    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 14 (49)    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 125 71    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (4) 4    
Total comprehensive income for the year 135 26    
– Non-current assets 10,375 9,008    
– Current assets 3,813 4,953    
– Current liabilities (540) (504)    
– Non-current liabilities (4,367) (4,311)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 9,281 9,146    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 3,936 3,982    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 5,345 5,164    
Cash flow from operations 357 295    
Robe River Mining Co Pty Ltd [member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,082 1,164    
Profit after tax for the year 561 617    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 218 242    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 343 375    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (313) 238    
Total comprehensive income for the year 248 855    
– Non-current assets 2,610 2,927    
– Current assets 710 875    
– Current liabilities (111) (186)    
– Non-current liabilities (117) (174)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 3,092 3,442    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,237 1,375    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 1,855 2,067    
Cash flow from operations 933 1,048    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (224) (230)    
Other companies and eliminations [member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,262 1,351    
Profit after tax for the year 543 637    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 543 637    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (203) 158    
Total comprehensive income for the year 340 795    
– Non-current assets 3,739 4,187    
– Current assets 2,368 1,149    
– Current liabilities (235) (1,357)    
– Non-current liabilities (3,977) (2,244)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,895 1,735    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 1,895 1,735    
Cash flow from operations 1,151 1,207    
Robe River [member]        
Disclosure Of Significant Investments In Subsidiaries [Line Items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 2,344 2,515    
Profit after tax for the year 1,104 1,254    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 218 242    
– attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (net earnings) 886 1,012    
Other comprehensive (loss)/income (516) 396    
Total comprehensive income for the year 588 1,650    
– Non-current assets 6,349 7,114    
– Current assets 3,078 2,024    
– Current liabilities (346) (1,543)    
– Non-current liabilities (4,094) (2,418)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 4,987 5,177    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,237 1,375    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet) 3,750 3,802    
Cash flow from operations 2,084 2,255    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries $ (224) $ (230)    
[1] Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details. Adjustments to other reserves include currency translation attributable to owners of Rio Tinto, other than that arising on Rio Tinto Limited’s share capital.