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Rio Tinto financial information by business unit - Schedule of financial information by business unit (Detail)
$ in Millions
 1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Employee
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Employee
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Employee
Jan. 01, 2018
USD ($)
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 40,522 $ 40,030 $ 33,781  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   18,200 14,474 7,116  
Depreciation & amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation   (3,909) (4,302) (4,691)  
Impairment charges   (132) (796) (249)  
Net earnings   13,638 8,762 4,617  
Capital expenditure   4,844 4,344 2,658  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   4,015 4,375 4,794  
Operating assets   $ 43,431 $ 48,556 $ 48,877  
Number of employees | Employee   47,758 46,807 51,018  
Pre-tax gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment $ 549 $ 586 $ 138 $ 354  
Capital expenditure per cash flow statement   5,430 4,482 3,012  
Net cash/(debt)   255 (3,845) (9,587)  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet)   43,686 44,711 39,290 $ 44,542
Net assets/(liabilities) of disposal groups held for sale [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Operating assets   440 370 (7)  
Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   695 706 613  
Reportable segments [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   42,850 41,872 35,329  
Capital expenditure   5,279 4,691 3,355  
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   18,485 18,251 14,605  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   11,325 11,520 8,526  
Net earnings   6,514 6,692 4,611  
Capital expenditure   1,288 1,201 868  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,682 1,645 1,645  
Operating assets   $ 14,488 $ 16,537 $ 16,359  
Number of employees | Employee   10,422 10,159 10,424  
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 126 $ 108 $ 75  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   58 137 (32)  
Net earnings   54 116 (51)  
Operating assets   2 2 2  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   12,191 11,005 9,458  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   3,095 3,423 2,472  
Net earnings   1,347 1,583 947  
Capital expenditure   1,373 1,436 916  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,122 1,199 1,250  
Operating assets   $ 16,446 $ 16,346 $ 15,782  
Number of employees | Employee   13,640 13,345 14,037  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Intrasegment [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ (861) $ (790) $ (786)  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (7) (25)    
Net earnings   (5) (17)    
Operating assets   (20) (18)    
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Inter-segment and other [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   (3,226) (2,321) (1,822)  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (88) (19) (50)  
Net earnings   (67) (12) (13)  
Capital expenditure     5 1  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   (1) 6 25  
Operating assets   $ 789 $ 772 $ 171  
Number of employees | Employee   180 222 231  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Integrated operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Capital expenditure   $ 1,881 $ 1,436 $ 916  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,122 1,199 1,250  
Operating assets   $ 16,446 $ 16,346 $ 15,782  
Number of employees | Employee   13,640 13,345 14,037  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Other product group items [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Capital expenditure   $ (508)      
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   126 $ 109 $ 76  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   137 126 167  
Net earnings   122 115 154  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Bauxite [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   2,324 2,019 1,913  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   790 804 848  
Net earnings   412 463 493  
Capital expenditure   953 825 343  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   165 123 110  
Operating assets   $ 2,494 $ 1,897 $ 1,278  
Number of employees | Employee   2,676 2,534 2,592  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Alumina [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 3,340 $ 2,661 $ 2,118  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   1,137 454 27  
Net earnings   634 180 (121)  
Capital expenditure   218 108 87  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   194 209 206  
Operating assets   $ 2,721 $ 2,733 $ 2,588  
Number of employees | Employee   2,009 2,012 2,139  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Bauxite & Alumina [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 4,803 $ 3,890 $ 3,245  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   1,920 1,233 875  
Net earnings   1,041 626 372  
Capital expenditure   1,171 933 430  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   359 332 316  
Operating assets   $ 5,195 $ 4,612 $ 3,866  
Number of employees | Employee   4,685 4,546 4,731  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Primary Metal [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 6,468 $ 5,808 $ 4,913  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   1,418 1,762 1,258  
Net earnings   595 778 402  
Capital expenditure   595 389 394  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   615 665 716  
Operating assets   $ 9,306 $ 9,946 $ 10,701  
Number of employees | Employee   6,497 6,404 6,799  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Pacific Aluminium [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 2,541 $ 2,305 $ 1,971  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   148 453 264  
Net earnings     176 62  
Capital expenditure   115 109 91  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   149 196 193  
Operating assets   $ 1,156 $ 1,016 $ 1,044  
Number of employees | Employee   2,278 2,173 2,276  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Integrated operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 10,586 $ 9,682 $ 8,307  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   3,398 3,429 2,347  
Net earnings   1,569 1,568 823  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Other product group items [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   1,479 1,214 1,075  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (440) (132) (42)  
Net earnings   (344) (100) (30)  
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member] | Product group operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   12,065 10,896 9,382  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   2,958 3,297 2,305  
Net earnings   1,225 1,468 793  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   6,468 4,842 4,524  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   2,776 1,904 1,387  
Net earnings   1,054 263 (18)  
Capital expenditure   2,150 1,622 1,441  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,317 1,452 1,601  
Operating assets   $ 11,389 $ 11,743 $ 11,530  
Number of employees | Employee   8,671 8,354 9,489  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   $ (267) $ (205) $ (190)  
Net earnings   (149) (99) (95)  
Capital expenditure   11 1 (2)  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   5 5 4  
Operating assets   $ 129 $ 135 $ 166  
Number of employees | Employee   146 142 127  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Product group operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 6,468 $ 4,842 $ 4,524  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   3,043 2,109 1,577  
Net earnings   1,203 362 77  
Capital expenditure   2,139 1,621 1,443  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,312 1,447 1,597  
Operating assets   $ 11,260 $ 11,608 $ 11,364  
Number of employees | Employee   8,525 8,212 9,362  
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member] | Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 695 $ 706 $ 613  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   301 287 239  
Net earnings   118 92 47  
Capital expenditure   64 85 97  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   118 132 164  
Operating assets   $ 267 $ 441 $ 655  
Number of employees | Employee   967 922 907  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 5,697 $ 7,764 $ 6,734  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   2,193 2,803 1,806  
Net earnings   1,012 1,242 612  
Capital expenditure   456 467 141  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   475 652 739  
Operating assets   $ 3,861 $ 6,313 $ 7,049  
Number of employees | Employee   10,106 10,864 13,453  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Evaluation projects/other [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 60 $ 43 $ 22  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (52) (9) (31)  
Net earnings   (37) (7) (25)  
Capital expenditure       4  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated       1  
Operating assets   $ 41 $ 41 $ 38  
Number of employees | Employee   33 25 763  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Product group operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 5,637 $ 7,721 $ 6,712  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   2,260 2,825 1,939  
Net earnings   1,056 1,255 684  
Capital expenditure   456 467 137  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   475 652 738  
Operating assets   $ 3,805 $ 6,255 $ 6,998  
Number of employees | Employee   10,003 10,829 12,055  
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member] | Uranium [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 415 $ 417 $ 456  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   18 15 54  
Net earnings   (4) (26) 10  
Capital expenditure   8 21 30  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   4 37 25  
Operating assets   $ (406) $ (327) $ (143)  
Number of employees | Employee   1,324 1,307 1,303  
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 9 $ 10 $ 8  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (70) (116) (95)  
Net earnings   (102) (138) (88)  
Capital expenditure   12 (35) (11)  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   26 32 34  
Operating assets   $ (442) $ (328) $ 203  
Number of employees | Employee   187 203 249  
Inter-segment transactions [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ (15) $ (15) $ (11)  
Operating assets   129 206 142  
Product group [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   42,835 41,857 35,318  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   19,319 19,534 14,096  
Net earnings   9,825 9,642 6,064  
Capital expenditure   5,279 4,691 3,355  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   4,622 4,980 5,269  
Operating assets   $ 45,742 $ 50,611 $ 50,923  
Number of employees | Employee   43,026 42,925 47,652  
Central pension costs, share-based payments and insurance [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   $ (128) $ (68) $ (34)  
Net earnings   (90) (48) (24)  
Restructuring, Project and One-Off Costs [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (272) (177) (13)  
Net earnings   (190) (124) (9)  
Central Costs [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (552) (491) (364)  
Net earnings   (410) (311) (208)  
Exploration and evaluation [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   (231) (218) (175)  
Net earnings   (193) (178) (147)  
Net interest [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Net earnings   (134) (354) (576)  
Underlying earnings [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   18,136 18,580 13,510  
Net earnings   8,808 8,627 5,100  
Items excluded from underlying earnings [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue     10 18  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   5,127 1,912 (687)  
Net earnings   4,830 135 (483)  
EBITDA and Net Earnings [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   23,263 20,492 12,823  
Net earnings   13,638 8,762 4,617  
Capital expenditure of equity accounted units          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Adjustment for equity accounted units revenue   (2,313) (1,837) (1,555)  
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units   650 648 526  
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units   (372) (272) (241)  
Capital expenditure   (500) (417) (651)  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   (650) (647) (526)  
Other items [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Capital expenditure   65 70 (46)  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   43 42 51  
Operating assets   $ (2,880) $ (2,631) $ (2,181)  
Number of employees | Employee   4,432 3,882 3,377  
Oyu Tolgoi and Turquoise Hill [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 1,180 $ 940 $ 1,203  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   375 256 436  
Net earnings   69 36 52  
Capital expenditure   1,284 901 322  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   219 344 450  
Operating assets   $ 6,072 $ 4,725 $ 3,804  
Number of employees | Employee   2,863 2,835 2,728  
Grasberg Joint Venture | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 457 $ 33    
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   281 (3) $ (17)  
Net earnings   217 (169) (64)  
Capital expenditure   171 138 174  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   $ 30 42 89  
Operating assets     $ 1,137 $ 1,151  
Number of employees | Employee   1,615 1,642 2,859  
Pilbara [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 18,359 $ 18,143 $ 14,530  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   11,267 11,383 8,558  
Net earnings   6,460 6,576 4,662  
Capital expenditure   1,288 1,201 868  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   1,682 1,645 1,645  
Operating assets   $ 14,486 $ 16,535 $ 16,357  
Number of employees | Employee   10,422 10,159 10,424  
Rio Tinto Kennecott [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Ownership percentage in subsidiary   100.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 1,862 $ 1,352 $ 1,243  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   785 539 126  
Net earnings   293 78 (228)  
Capital expenditure   318 249 333  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   427 422 530  
Operating assets   $ 1,864 $ 1,936 $ 2,189  
Number of employees | Employee   1,993 1,734 1,638  
Escondida [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Ownership percentage in subsidiary   30.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 2,274 $ 1,811 $ 1,465  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   1,301 1,030 793  
Net earnings   506 325 270  
Capital expenditure   302 248 517  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   518 507 364  
Operating assets   $ 3,057 $ 3,369 $ 3,565  
Number of employees | Employee   1,087 1,079 1,230  
Rio Tinto Coal Australia | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 989 $ 2,829 $ 2,634  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   893 1,223 893  
Net earnings   591 716 382  
Capital expenditure   32 84 (107)  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   34 152 297  
Operating assets   $ (837) $ 1,040 $ 1,807  
Number of employees | Employee   1,005 1,924 3,049  
Iron Ore Company of Canada [member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 1,561 $ 1,867    
Net earnings   176 221    
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (see Group balance sheet)   $ 994 1,153    
Iron Ore Company of Canada [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Ownership percentage in subsidiary   58.70%      
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 1,583 1,867 $ 1,324  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   586 770 335  
Net earnings   166 235 64  
Capital expenditure   189 202 75  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   154 157 151  
Operating assets   $ 975 $ 988 $ 1,018  
Number of employees | Employee   2,397 2,382 2,308  
Rio Tinto Iron Titanium | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 1,782 $ 1,763 $ 1,419  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   510 546 370  
Net earnings   174 201 86  
Capital expenditure   169 119 97  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   201 219 189  
Operating assets   $ 3,390 $ 3,881 $ 3,662  
Number of employees | Employee   4,058 4,048 4,094  
Rio Tinto Borates [Member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Ownership percentage in subsidiary   100.00%      
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 622 $ 630 $ 620  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   197 244 213  
Net earnings   111 126 117  
Capital expenditure   44 28 31  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   62 65 53  
Operating assets   $ 518 $ 523 $ 508  
Number of employees | Employee   980 936 984  
Dampier Salt [member] | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Ownership percentage in subsidiary   68.40%      
Consolidated sales revenue   $ 246 $ 215 $ 259  
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   56 27 74  
Net earnings   18 3 25  
Capital expenditure   14 13 11  
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated   20 22 23  
Operating assets   $ 165 $ 150 $ 146  
Number of employees | Employee   239 232 317  
Simandou Iron Ore Project | Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]          
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]          
Proft on ordinary activities before finance items and tax   $ (15) $ (13) $ (102)  
Net earnings   (7) (6) (47)  
Operating assets   $ 15 $ 17 $ 13  
Number of employees | Employee   70 10 635