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Schedule of financial information by business unit (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA $ 5,484 $ 6,784    
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation (2,059) (2,019)    
Impairment charges (2,349) (123)    
Net earnings 4,130 4,380    
Consolidated sales revenue 20,722 19,914    
Add back: Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 17 18    
Total capital expenditure per cash flow statement 2,391 2,363    
Less: Net (debt)/cash (4,855)     $ 255
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 39,565   $ 43,573 43,686
Reportable segments        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Capital expenditure 2,374 2,345    
Depreciation and amortisation 2,096 2,049    
Operating Assets 44,420     43,431
Reportable segments | Iron ore(b)        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 7,552 5,685    
Net earnings 4,506 3,231    
Consolidated sales revenue 11,208 9,293    
Capital expenditure 669 488    
Depreciation and amortisation 826 879    
Operating Assets 14,579     14,653
Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,127 1,831    
Net earnings 315 871    
Consolidated sales revenue 5,100 6,148    
Capital expenditure 711 885    
Depreciation and amortisation 597 558    
Operating Assets 16,978     16,446
Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,213 1,360    
Net earnings 348 450    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,959 3,032    
Capital expenditure 1,002 969    
Depreciation and amortisation 642 679    
Operating Assets 11,279     11,389
Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 954 1,008    
Net earnings 341 464    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,539 2,741    
Capital expenditure 188 211    
Depreciation and amortisation 214 251    
Operating Assets 4,424     3,696
Reportable segments | Other operations        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (88) (27)    
Net earnings (80) (67)    
Consolidated sales revenue 10 9    
Capital expenditure 2 8    
Depreciation and amortisation 80 17    
Operating Assets (178)     (442)
Intersegment transactions        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue (7) (6)    
Operating Assets 152     129
Product group total        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 10,758 9,857    
Net earnings 5,430 4,949    
Consolidated sales revenue 21,809 21,217    
Capital expenditure 2,572 2,561    
Depreciation and amortisation 2,359 2,384    
Operating Assets 47,082     45,742
Central pension costs, share-based payments and insurance        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 77 (83)    
Net earnings 77 (54)    
Restructuring, project and one-off costs        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (175) (177)    
Net earnings (119) (39)    
Central costs        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (272) (299)    
Net earnings (258) (236)    
Capital expenditure 25 23    
Depreciation and amortisation 36 19    
Operating Assets (3,031)     (2,880)
Exploration and evaluation        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (138) (100)    
Net earnings (109) (86)    
Net interest        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Net earnings (89) (118)    
Underlying EBITDA/earnings        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 10,250 9,198    
Net earnings 4,932 4,416    
Items Excluded From Underlying Earnings [Member]        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 117 325    
Net earnings (802) (36)    
Consolidated sales revenue 0 (10)    
EBITDA/net earnings        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 10,367 9,523    
Net earnings 4,130 4,380    
Share of equity accounted unit sales and intra-subsidiary/equity accounted unit sales        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Adjustment for equity accounted units revenue (1,087) (1,293)    
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units (299) (354)    
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (176) (243)    
Capital expenditure (223) (239)    
Depreciation and amortisation (299) (354)    
Pilbara | Reportable segments | Iron ore(b)        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 7,528 5,626    
Net earnings 4,548 3,202    
Consolidated sales revenue 11,039 9,113    
Capital expenditure 663 485    
Depreciation and amortisation 817 869    
Operating Assets $ 14,427     14,486
Rio Tinto Kennecott | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 10000.00%      
EBITDA $ 425 343    
Net earnings 171 107    
Consolidated sales revenue 892 851    
Capital expenditure 179 158    
Depreciation and amortisation 216 205    
Operating Assets $ 1,910     1,864
Escondida | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 3000.00%      
EBITDA $ 568 790    
Net earnings 213 316    
Consolidated sales revenue 1,061 1,271    
Capital expenditure 147 159    
Depreciation and amortisation 237 287    
Operating Assets 2,951     3,057
Rio Tinto Coal Australia | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 0 560    
Net earnings 0 342    
Consolidated sales revenue 0 837    
Capital expenditure 0 42    
Depreciation and amortisation 0 34    
Operating Assets $ 0     (837)
Iron Ore Company of Canada | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 5870.00%      
EBITDA $ 526 122    
Net earnings 171 16    
Consolidated sales revenue 1,075 495    
Capital expenditure 73 59    
Depreciation and amortisation 84 79    
Operating Assets 827     975
Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 339 229    
Net earnings 144 60    
Consolidated sales revenue 983 857    
Capital expenditure 95 86    
Depreciation and amortisation 99 107    
Operating Assets $ 3,489     3,390
Rio Tinto Borates | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 10000.00%      
EBITDA $ 98 107    
Net earnings 54 60    
Consolidated sales revenue 304 324    
Capital expenditure 17 21    
Depreciation and amortisation 30 29    
Operating Assets $ 525     518
Dampier Salt | Reportable segments | Iron ore(b)        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 6840.00%      
Dampier Salt | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Rio Tinto interest (as a percent) 6840.00%      
EBITDA $ 38 29    
Net earnings 14 9    
Consolidated sales revenue 128 123    
Capital expenditure 6 3    
Depreciation and amortisation 9 10    
Operating Assets 150     165
Simandou iron ore project | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (6) (6)    
Net earnings (3) (3)    
Operating Assets 21     15
Grasberg joint venture | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 0 (5)    
Net earnings 0 (13)    
Capital expenditure 0 20    
Depreciation and amortisation 0 20    
Operating Assets 0     0
Oyu Tolgoi and Turquoise Hill | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 306 202    
Net earnings 52 38    
Consolidated sales revenue 735 587    
Capital expenditure 651 593    
Depreciation and amortisation 109 114    
Operating Assets 5,954     6,072
Evaluation projects/other | Reportable segments | Iron ore(b)        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (14) 30    
Net earnings (56) 20    
Consolidated sales revenue 41 57    
Operating Assets 2     2
Evaluation projects/other | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 60 85    
Net earnings 41 75    
Consolidated sales revenue 45 51    
Evaluation projects/other | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (155) (102)    
Net earnings (83) (53)    
Capital expenditure 2 1    
Depreciation and amortisation 3 3    
Operating Assets 152     129
Evaluation projects/other | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (42) (18)    
Net earnings (38) (17)    
Consolidated sales revenue 31 27    
Operating Assets 42     41
Bauxite | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 472 452    
Net earnings 231 246    
Consolidated sales revenue 1,182 1,207    
Capital expenditure 242 480    
Depreciation and amortisation 112 78    
Operating Assets 2,681     2,494
Alumina | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 461 435    
Net earnings 247 222    
Consolidated sales revenue 1,455 1,605    
Capital expenditure 114 79    
Depreciation and amortisation 96 97    
Operating Assets 2,481     2,721
Bauxite & Alumina | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 931 884    
Net earnings 477 466    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,212 2,365    
Capital expenditure 356 559    
Depreciation and amortisation 208 175    
Operating Assets 5,141     5,195
Primary Metal | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 306 917    
Net earnings (14) 437    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,490 3,328    
Capital expenditure 303 272    
Depreciation and amortisation 312 311    
Operating Assets 9,890     9,306
Pacific Aluminium | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (54) 151    
Net earnings (96) 55    
Consolidated sales revenue 1,112 1,265    
Capital expenditure 52 54    
Depreciation and amortisation 77 72    
Operating Assets 1,148     1,156
Integrated operations | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,211 1,912    
Net earnings 387 925    
Consolidated sales revenue 4,553 5,508    
Other product group Items | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (144) (166)    
Net earnings (113) (129)    
Consolidated sales revenue 502 589    
Product group operations | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,067 1,746    
Net earnings 274 796    
Consolidated sales revenue 5,055 6,097    
Product group operations | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,368 1,462    
Net earnings 431 503    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,959 3,032    
Capital expenditure 1,000 968    
Depreciation and amortisation 639 676    
Operating Assets 11,127     11,260
Product group operations | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 1,002 1,032    
Net earnings 382 484    
Consolidated sales revenue 2,508 2,714    
Capital expenditure 188 211    
Depreciation and amortisation 214 251    
Operating Assets 4,361     3,640
Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 271 323    
Diamonds | Reportable segments | Copper & Diamonds        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 69 132    
Net earnings (5) 55    
Consolidated sales revenue 271 323    
Capital expenditure 23 38    
Depreciation and amortisation 77 50    
Operating Assets 312     267
Uranium | Reportable segments | Energy & Minerals        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 39 14    
Net earnings 13 6    
Consolidated sales revenue 146 201    
Capital expenditure 3 3    
Depreciation and amortisation 1 2    
Operating Assets (480)     (406)
Intrasegment | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA (2) (3)    
Net earnings (1) (2)    
Consolidated sales revenue (425) (447)    
Operating Assets (21)     (20)
Inter-segment and other | Reportable segments | Aluminium        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
EBITDA 28 (40)    
Net earnings 20 (33)    
Consolidated sales revenue (1,261) (1,450)    
Capital expenditure   0    
Depreciation and amortisation 0 $ 0    
Operating Assets 799     789
Net assets of disposal groups held for sale        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Operating Assets $ 217     $ 440