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Net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) - Summary of net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Expenses by nature [abstract]      
Raw materials, consumables, repairs and maintenance $ 9,485 $ 10,613 $ 9,286
Amortisation of intangible assets 133 133 177
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 4,251 3,882 4,198
Employment costs 4,522 4,728 4,765
Shipping and other freight costs 2,257 2,580 2,338
Decrease/(increase) in finished goods and work in progress 42 (186) (82)
Royalties 2,501 2,117 2,228
Amounts charged by equity accounted units 1,136 1,200 980
Net foreign exchange (gains)/losses (52) (56) 61
Other external costs 3,627 3,184 3,967
Gains on sale of property, plant and equipment 31 (506) (32)
Provisions (including exchange differences on provisions) 753 1,011 527
Research and development 45 45 58
Costs included above qualifying for capitalisation (651) (589) (486)
Other operating income (773) (1,041) (1,002)
Net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) $ 27,307 $ 27,115 $ 26,983