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Operating segments - Summary of depreciation and amortisation within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated $ 4,384 $ 4,015 $ 4,375
Reportable segments [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,960 4,622 4,980
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron ore [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,723 1,702 1,667
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,312 1,122 1,199
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,320 1,317 1,452
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 428 455 630
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 177 26 32
Product group [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,960 4,622 4,980
Other items [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 77 43 42
Depreciation and amortisation of equity accounted units [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated $ (653) $ (650) $ (647)