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Operating segments - Summary of Underlying EBITDA (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA $ 21,197 $ 18,136 $ 18,580
Items excluded from underlying EBITDA (722) 5,127 1,912
EBITDA 20,475 23,263 20,492
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges in subsidiaries and equity accounted units (8,412) (4,691) (5,746)
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (296) (372) (272)
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 11,767 18,200 14,474
Reportable segments [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 22,141 19,319 19,534
Reportable segments [Member] | Iron ore [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 16,098 11,378 11,547
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 16,098 11,378 11,547
Reportable segments [Member] | Aluminium [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 2,285 3,095 3,423
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 2,285 3,095 3,423
Reportable segments [Member] | Copper & Diamonds [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 2,073 2,776 1,904
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 2,073 2,776 1,904
Reportable segments [Member] | Energy & Minerals [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 1,762 2,140 2,776
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 1,762 2,140 2,776
Reportable segments [Member] | Other operations [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (77) (70) (116)
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (77) (70) (116)
Inter-segment transactions [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (9) 0 0
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (9) 0 0
Product group [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 22,132 19,319 19,534
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax 22,132 19,319 19,534
Central Pension Costs, Share-Based Payments & Insurance [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 59 (128) (68)
Restructuring, Project and One-Off Costs [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (183) (272) (177)
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax (183) (272) (177)
Exploration and evaluation not attributed to product groups [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (315) (231) (218)
Central Costs [Member]      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (496) (552) (491)
Profit on ordinary activities before finance items and tax $ (496) $ (552) $ (491)