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Financial instruments and risk management - Summary of capital and liquidity risk management (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of detailed information about hedging instruments [Line Items]        
– attributable to Rio Tinto $ 40,532 $ 43,573 $ 43,686 $ 44,711
Equity attributable to non-controlling interests (see Group balance sheet) 4,710   6,137  
Net debt 3,651   (255) $ 3,845
Capital And Liquidity Risk Management [Member]        
Disclosure of detailed information about hedging instruments [Line Items]        
– attributable to Rio Tinto 40,532   43,686  
Equity attributable to non-controlling interests (see Group balance sheet) 4,710   6,137  
Net debt 3,651   (255)  
Total capital $ 48,893   $ 49,568