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Principal subsidiaries - Subsidiaries financial information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Jan. 01, 2019
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue $ 43,165 $ 40,522 $ 40,030  
Profit after tax for the year 6,972 13,925 8,851  
– attributable to non-controlling interests 1,038 (287) (89)  
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 8,010 13,638 8,762  
Other comprehensive loss 346 (3,139) 3,088  
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 7,318 [1] 10,786 [1] 11,939  
Non-current assets 70,499 70,047    
Current assets 17,303 20,168    
Non-current liabilities (31,435) (30,261)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 45,242 49,823    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 4,710 6,137    
– attributable to Rio Tinto 40,532 43,686 44,711 $ 43,573
Cash flow from operations 14,912 11,821 13,884  
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (376) (420) $ (399)  
Borrowings 14,115 12,752    
Iron Ore Company of Canada [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 2,014 1,561    
Profit after tax for the year 543 298    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 224 122    
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 319 176    
Other comprehensive loss 57 (136)    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 600 162    
Non-current assets 2,585 2,376    
Current assets 610 459    
Current liabilities (532) (351)    
Non-current liabilities (927) (791)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,736 1,693    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 718 699    
– attributable to Rio Tinto 1,018 994    
Cash flow from operations 1,039 553    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (228) (178)    
Energy Resources of Australia Limited [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 145 151    
Profit after tax for the year 5 (241)    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 2 1    
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 3 (242)    
Other comprehensive loss 2 2    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 7 (239)    
Non-current assets 76 74    
Current assets 258 311    
Current liabilities (127) (123)    
Non-current liabilities (462) (522)    
Net assets/(liabilities) (255) (260)    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 0 (6)    
– attributable to Rio Tinto (255) (254)    
Cash flow from operations (73) (64)    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 0      
Turquoise Hill        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,166 1,180    
Profit after tax for the year (2,137) 139    
– attributable to non-controlling interests (1,490) 14    
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (647) 125    
Other comprehensive loss 0 (4)    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) (2,137) 135    
Non-current assets 9,589 10,375    
Current assets 2,449 3,813    
Current liabilities (493) (540)    
Non-current liabilities (4,405) (4,367)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 7,140 9,281    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 2,369 3,936    
– attributable to Rio Tinto 4,771 5,345    
Cash flow from operations 298 357    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 0      
Robe River Mining Co Pty Ltd [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,493 1,082    
Profit after tax for the year 808 561    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 312 218    
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 496 343    
Other comprehensive loss (13) (313)    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 795 248    
Non-current assets 2,622 2,610    
Current assets 1,161 710    
Current liabilities (173) (111)    
Non-current liabilities (84) (117)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 3,526 3,092    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,404 1,237    
– attributable to Rio Tinto 2,122 1,855    
Cash flow from operations 1,255 933    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (139) (224)    
Other Companies And Eliminations        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 1,743 1,262    
Profit after tax for the year 825 543    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 0      
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 825 543    
Other comprehensive loss (12) (203)    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 813 340    
Non-current assets 3,687 3,739    
Current assets 1,873 2,368    
Current liabilities (303) (235)    
Non-current liabilities (3,392) (3,977)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 1,865 1,895    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 0      
– attributable to Rio Tinto 1,865 1,895    
Cash flow from operations 1,447 1,151    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 0      
Robe River [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Consolidated sales revenue 3,236 2,344    
Profit after tax for the year 1,633 1,104    
– attributable to non-controlling interests 312 218    
Net earnings – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 1,321 886    
Other comprehensive loss (25) (516)    
Total comprehensive income/(loss) 1,608 588    
Non-current assets 6,309 6,349    
Current assets 3,034 3,078    
Current liabilities (476) (346)    
Non-current liabilities (3,476) (4,094)    
Net assets/(liabilities) 5,391 4,987    
Attributable to non-controlling interests 1,404 1,237    
– attributable to Rio Tinto 3,987 3,750    
Cash flow from operations 2,702 2,084    
Dividends paid to holders of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries (139) (224)    
Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement, Amended June 08, 2011 [Member] | Erdenes Oyu Tolgoi LLC [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Borrowings 1,241 1,021    
Interest receivable $ 655 $ 506    
Floating interest rate [member] | Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement, Amended June 08, 2011 [Member] | Erdenes Oyu Tolgoi LLC [Member]        
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]        
Borrowings, interest rate basis 6.50%      
[1] Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details. Adjustments to other reserves include currency translation attributable to owners of Rio Tinto, other than that arising on Rio Tinto Limited’s share capital.