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Group statement of changes in equity - USD ($) $ in Millions | Total | Special Dividends | Share capital | Share premium | Other reserves | Retained earnings | Total | Non-controlling interests
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Opening balance at Dec. 31, 2018 |  | $ 49,823 |  | $ 3,688 | $ 4,312 | $ 8,661 | $ 27,025 | $ 43,686 | $ 6,137
Total comprehensive income | [1] | 2,691 |  |  |  | 229 | 3,661 | 3,890 | (1,199)
Currency translation arising on Rio Tinto Limited's share capital |  | (31) |  | (31) |  |  |  | (31) |
Dividends |  | (7,042) |  |  |  |  | (6,843) | (6,843) | (199)
Share buy-back | [2] | (1,133) |  | (2) |  | 2 | (1,133) | (1,133) |
Own shares purchased by Rio Tinto shareholders to satisfy share awards to employees | [3] | (8) |  |  |  | 0 | (8) | (8) |
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45 | 45 | (45)
Treasury shares reissued and other movements |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Equity issued to holders of non-controlling interests |  | 43 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges to the income statement |  | 71 |  |  |  | 31 | 40 | 71 |
Closing balance at Jun. 30, 2019 |  | $ 44,300 |  | 3,655 | 4,313 | 8,923 | 22,674 | 39,565 | 4,735
Dividends recognised as distributions to owners per share |  | $ 1.800 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends per share: proposed in the announcement of the results for the period (in USD per share) |  | $ 1.510 | $ 2.430 |  |  |  |  |  |
Special dividends per share: proposed in the announcement of the results for the period |  |  | 0.610 |  |  |  |  |  |
Opening balance at Dec. 31, 2019 |  | $ 45,242 |  | 3,655 | 4,313 | 9,177 | 23,387 | 40,532 | 4,710
Total comprehensive income | [4] | 2,310 |  |  |  | (818) | 3,107 | 2,289 | 21
Currency translation arising on Rio Tinto Limited's share capital |  | (75) |  | (75) |  |  |  | (75) |
Dividends |  | (3,927) |  |  |  |  | (3,607) | (3,607) | (320)
Share buy-back |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | (1) | (1) |
Own shares purchased by Rio Tinto shareholders to satisfy share awards to employees | [5] | (30) |  |  |  | (12) | (18) | (30) |
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58 | 58 | (58)
Treasury shares reissued and other movements |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Equity issued to holders of non-controlling interests |  | 79 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges to the income statement |  | 57 |  |  |  | 23 | 34 | 57 |
Closing balance at Jun. 30, 2020 |  | $ 43,656 |  | $ 3,580 | $ 4,314 | $ 8,370 | $ 22,960 | $ 39,224 | $ 4,432
Dividends recognised as distributions to owners per share |  | $ 2.310 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends per share: proposed in the announcement of the results for the period (in USD per share) |  | $ 1.550 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |
Special dividends per share: proposed in the announcement of the results for the period |  |  | $ 0 |  |  |  |  |  |
[1] | Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details.
[2] | Total amount of US$1,133 million includes own shares purchased from owners of Rio Tinto plc as per the cash flow statement of US$988 million adjusted for the movement in a financial liability recognised in respect of irrevocable contracts in place as at 30 June 2019 and 31 December 2018 to cover the share buy-back programme.
[3] | Net of contributions received from employees for share options.
[4] | Refer to Group statement of comprehensive income for further details.
[5] | Net of contributions received from employees for share awards to employees.

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