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Operating segments - Summary of tax charge within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) $ 4,991 $ 4,147 $ 4,242
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (7) (51) (51)
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 5,446 4,832 3,929
Other items      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (179) (67) (276)
Exploration and evaluation not attributed to product groups      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (34) (83) (38)
Net finance costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (38) (144) (174)
Underlying EBITDA/earnings      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 5,195 4,538 3,441
Tax (credit)/charge excluded from underlying earnings      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (204) (391) 801
Operating segments | Reportable segments      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 5,477 4,885 3,980
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 5,035 4,198 2,830
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 320 211 532
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) (238) 65 118
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) 360 411 500
Inter-segment transactions      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Tax expense (income) $ (24) $ (2) $ 0