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Operating segments - Summary of Underlying EBITDA (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA $ 23,902 $ 21,197 $ 18,136
Impairment charges (1,272) (3,487) (132)
(Gains)/losses on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting (including exchange) 6 (260) 279
Net (losses)/gains on consolidation and disposal of interests in businesses 0 (291) 4,622
Change in closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites) (401) 0 (376)
Gain on sale of wharf and land in Kitimat, Canada 0 0 602
Change in other exclusions 0 (171) 0
Items excluded from underlying EBITDA (1,667) (4,209) 4,995
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and equity accounted units (4,650) (4,925) (4,559)
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (443) (296) (372)
Finance items (1,751) (648) (33)
Profit before taxation 15,391 11,119 18,167
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 0 (77) (70)
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 24,713 22,132 19,319
Central pension costs, share-based payments and insurance      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 72 59 (128)
Restructuring, project and one-off costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (133) (183) (272)
Central costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (500) (496) (552)
Exploration and evaluation not attributed to product groups      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (250) (315) (231)
Operating segments | Reportable segments      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 24,807 22,218 19,389
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 18,837 16,098 11,378
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 2,152 2,285 3,095
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 2,172 2,073 2,776
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 1,646 1,762 2,140
Inter-segment transactions      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA $ (94) $ (9) $ 0