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Net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) - Summary of net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Expenses by nature [abstract]      
Raw materials, consumables, repairs and maintenance $ 8,490 $ 9,485 $ 10,613
Amortisation of intangible assets 161 133 133
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 4,118 4,251 3,882
Employment costs 4,770 4,522 4,728
Shipping and other freight costs 2,088 2,257 2,580
(Increase)/decrease in finished goods and work in progress (47) 42 (186)
Royalties 2,763 2,501 2,117
Amounts charged by equity accounted units 958 1,136 1,200
Net foreign exchange losses/(gains) 300 (52) (56)
Other external costs 3,083 3,627 3,184
Gains on sale of property, plant and equipment 50 31 (506)
Provisions (including exchange differences on provisions) 894 753 1,011
Research and development 45 45 45
Costs included above capitalised or shown separately as exploration and evaluation costs (708) (651) (589)
Other operating income (711) (773) (1,041)
Net operating costs (excluding items shown separately) $ 26,254 $ 27,307 $ 27,115