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Financial instruments and risk management - Summary of capital and liquidity risk management (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of detailed information about hedging instruments [Line Items]      
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto $ 47,054 $ 40,532 $ 43,686
Equity attributable to non-controlling interests 4,849 4,710  
Net debt 664 3,651 $ (255)
Capital And Liquidity Risk Management      
Disclosure of detailed information about hedging instruments [Line Items]      
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 47,054 40,532  
Equity attributable to non-controlling interests 4,849 4,710  
Net debt 664 3,651  
Total capital $ 52,567 $ 48,893