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Rio Tinto financial information by business unit - Schedule of financial information by business unit (Detail)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Employee
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Employee
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Employee
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 44,611 $ 43,165 $ 40,522
Impairment charges (1,272) (3,487) (132)
Depreciation & amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation (4,074) (4,272) (3,909)
Finance items (1,751) (648) (33)
Profit (loss) before tax 15,391 11,119 18,167
Profit before taxation 17,142 11,767 18,200
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 9,769 8,010 13,638
Capital expenditure 6,144 5,439 4,844
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,279 4,384 4,015
Operating assets $ 47,718 $ 44,183 $ 43,431
Number of employees | Employee 47,474 46,007 47,458
Pre-tax gains on disposals of property, plant and equipment $ 45 $ 49 $ 586
Capital expenditure per cash flow statement 6,189 5,488 5,430
Net cash/(debt) (664) (3,651) 255
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 47,054 40,532 43,686
Net assets of disposal groups held for sale      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Operating assets 0 0 440
Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 459 619 695
Uranium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 299 375 415
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 18 18 9
Profit before taxation 0 (77) (70)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (54) (89) (102)
Capital expenditure 2 (4) 12
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 199 177 26
Operating assets $ (479) $ (83) $ (442)
Number of employees | Employee 124 159 187
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 47,018 $ 45,367 $ 42,835
Profit before taxation 24,713 22,132 19,319
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 13,123 11,310 9,825
Capital expenditure 6,320 5,831 5,279
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,773 4,960 4,622
Operating assets $ 49,883 $ 46,632 $ 45,871
Number of employees | Employee 42,267 41,205 43,026
Central pension costs, share-based payments and insurance      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit before taxation $ 72 $ 59 $ (128)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 81 60 (90)
Restructuring, project and one-off costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit before taxation (133) (183) (272)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (108) (94) (190)
Central costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit before taxation (500) (496) (552)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (418) (550) (410)
Exploration and evaluation      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit before taxation (250) (315) (231)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (216) (231) (193)
Net interest      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (14) (122) (134)
Underlying EBITDA/earnings      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Profit before taxation 23,902 21,197 18,136
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 12,448 10,373 8,808
Items excluded from underlying EBITDA/earnings      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue
Profit before taxation (395) (722) 5,127
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (2,679) (2,363) 4,830
Share of equity accounted unit sales and intra-subsidiary/equity accounted unit sales      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Adjustment for equity accounted units revenue (2,407) (2,202) (2,313)
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units (576) (653) (650)
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (443) (296) (372)
Capital expenditure (255) (456) (500)
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated (576) (653) (650)
Operating assets $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 0
Other items      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure $ 79 $ 64 $ 65
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 82 77 43
Operating assets $ (2,165) $ (2,449) $ (2,880)
Number of employees | Employee 5,207 4,802 4,432
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 27,508 $ 24,075 $ 18,731
Profit before taxation 18,837 16,098 11,378
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 11,398 9,638 6,531
Capital expenditure 2,941 1,741 1,302
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,838 1,723 1,702
Operating assets $ 16,650 $ 14,019 $ 14,653
Number of employees | Employee 11,883 10,981 10,661
Operating segments | Iron Ore | Intra-segment and other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ (428) $ 0 $ 0
Profit before taxation (70) 0 0
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (53) 0 0
Capital expenditure 0 0 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 0
Operating assets $ (104) $ 0 $ 0
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 0
Operating segments | Iron Ore | Evaluation projects/other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 657 $ 123 $ 126
Profit before taxation (32) 87 55
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (112) (8) 53
Capital expenditure 0 0 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 0
Operating assets $ 338 $ 2 $ 2
Number of employees | Employee 10 0 0
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 9,314 $ 10,340 $ 12,191
Profit before taxation 2,152 2,285 3,095
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 471 599 1,347
Capital expenditure 1,085 1,456 1,373
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,191 1,312 1,122
Operating assets $ 15,365 $ 16,030 $ 16,446
Number of employees | Employee 14,128 14,049 13,640
Operating segments | Aluminium | Intra-segment and other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ (2,510) $ (3,079) $ (4,084)
Profit before taxation 6 30 (92)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (159) 21 (69)
Capital expenditure (1) 0 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1 0 (1)
Operating assets $ 662 $ 780 $ 769
Number of employees | Employee 141 127 180
Operating segments | Aluminium | Bauxite      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 2,302 $ 2,490 $ 2,364
Profit before taxation 943 1,045 852
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 434 498 466
Capital expenditure 142 387 953
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 290 286 165
Operating assets $ 2,593 $ 2,597 $ 2,494
Number of employees | Employee 2,853 2,940 2,676
Operating segments | Aluminium | Alumina      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 2,233 $ 2,720 $ 3,423
Profit before taxation 262 567 808
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 92 247 390
Capital expenditure 228 282 218
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 138 187 194
Operating assets $ 2,294 $ 2,009 $ 2,721
Number of employees | Employee 2,383 2,269 2,009
Operating segments | Aluminium | Primary Metal      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 4,489 $ 4,940 $ 6,468
Profit before taxation 904 755 1,418
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 169 40 595
Capital expenditure 602 658 595
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 643 682 615
Operating assets $ 9,361 $ 9,674 $ 9,306
Number of employees | Employee 6,282 6,357 6,497
Operating segments | Aluminium | Pacific Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 1,944 $ 2,204 $ 2,541
Profit before taxation 112 (22) 148
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (6) (137) 0
Capital expenditure 114 129 115
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 119 154 149
Operating assets $ 455 $ 970 $ 1,156
Number of employees | Employee 2,469 2,356 2,278
Operating segments | Aluminium | Integrated operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 8,458 $ 9,275 $ 10,712
Profit before taxation 2,227 2,375 3,134
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 530 669 1,382
Capital expenditure 1,085 1,456 1,881
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,191 1,309 1,122
Operating assets $ 15,365 $ 16,030 $ 16,446
Number of employees | Employee 14,128 14,049 13,640
Operating segments | Aluminium | Other product group items      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 856 $ 1,065 $ 1,479
Profit before taxation 7 16 17
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (5) 10 11
Capital expenditure 0 0 (508)
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 0
Operating assets $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 0
Operating segments | Aluminium | Product group operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 9,314 $ 10,340 $ 12,191
Profit before taxation 2,234 2,391 3,151
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 525 679 1,393
Capital expenditure 1,085 1,456 1,373
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,191 1,309 1,122
Operating assets $ 15,365 $ 16,030 $ 16,446
Number of employees | Employee 14,128 14,049 13,640
Operating segments | Aluminium | Evaluation projects/other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Profit before taxation (82) (106) (56)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (54) (80) (46)
Capital expenditure 0 0 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 3 0
Operating assets $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 0
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 5,428 $ 5,815 $ 6,468
Profit before taxation 2,172 2,073 2,776
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 763 554 1,054
Capital expenditure 1,864 2,087 2,150
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,153 1,320 1,317
Operating assets $ 13,339 $ 12,010 $ 11,389
Number of employees | Employee 7,789 7,376 8,671
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds | Product group operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 5,362 $ 5,800 $ 6,468
Profit before taxation 2,523 2,385 3,043
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 968 726 1,203
Capital expenditure 1,859 2,086 2,139
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,149 1,317 1,312
Operating assets $ 13,147 $ 11,858 $ 11,260
Number of employees | Employee 7,630 7,226 8,525
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds | Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 459 $ 619 $ 695
Profit before taxation 83 151 301
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 9 (21) 118
Capital expenditure 25 38 64
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 60 144 118
Operating assets $ (7) $ 195 $ 267
Number of employees | Employee 885 940 967
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds | Evaluation projects/other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 66 $ 15 $ 0
Profit before taxation (351) (312) (267)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (205) (172) (149)
Capital expenditure 5 1 11
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4 3 5
Operating assets $ 192 $ 152 $ 129
Number of employees | Employee 159 150 146
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 5,014 $ 5,150 $ 5,451
Profit before taxation 1,646 1,762 2,140
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 577 611 995
Capital expenditure 428 551 442
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 392 428 455
Operating assets $ 4,879 $ 4,529 $ 3,696
Number of employees | Employee 8,343 8,640 9,867
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals | Product group operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 4,962 $ 5,095 $ 5,391
Profit before taxation 1,756 1,870 2,204
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 670 707 1,038
Capital expenditure 429 552 442
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 392 428 455
Operating assets $ 4,830 $ 4,472 $ 3,640
Number of employees | Employee 8,197 8,513 9,764
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals | Uranium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 303 $ 375 $ 415
Profit before taxation 24 55 18
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 6 25 (4)
Capital expenditure 0 5 8
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 3 4
Operating assets $ (71) $ (363) $ (406)
Number of employees | Employee 364 857 1,324
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals | Evaluation projects/other      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 52 $ 55 $ 60
Profit before taxation (96) (96) (49)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (87) (91) (36)
Capital expenditure 1 0 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 0
Operating assets $ 33 $ 37 $ 41
Number of employees | Employee 77 53 33
Inter-segment transactions      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ (264) $ (31) $ (15)
Profit before taxation (94) (9) 0
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (32) (3) 0
Operating assets 129 127 129
Oyu Tolgoi and Turquoise Hill | Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 1,078 1,166 1,180
Profit before taxation 390 357 375
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 160 25 69
Capital expenditure 1,038 1,289 1,284
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 189 208 219
Operating assets $ 8,111 $ 6,780 $ 6,072
Number of employees | Employee 3,450 3,152 2,863
Grasberg joint venture | Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 0 $ 0 $ 457
Profit before taxation 0 0 281
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 0 0 217
Capital expenditure 0 0 171
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 30
Operating assets $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 1,615
Pilbara | Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 27,027 $ 23,681 $ 18,359
Profit before taxation 18,896 15,936 11,267
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 11,551 9,619 6,460
Capital expenditure 2,919 1,720 1,288
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,819 1,704 1,682
Operating assets $ 16,253 $ 13,865 $ 14,486
Number of employees | Employee 11,522 10,634 10,422
Dampier Salt | Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 68.40%    
Consolidated sales revenue $ 252 $ 271 $ 246
Profit before taxation 43 75 56
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 12 27 18
Capital expenditure 22 21 14
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 19 19 20
Operating assets $ 163 $ 152 $ 165
Number of employees | Employee 351 347 239
Rio Tinto Kennecott | Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 100.00%    
Consolidated sales revenue $ 1,529 $ 1,879 $ 1,862
Profit before taxation 588 843 785
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 149 397 293
Capital expenditure 618 444 318
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 472 457 427
Operating assets $ 2,317 $ 2,012 $ 1,864
Number of employees | Employee 2,171 2,066 1,993
Escondida | Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 30.00%    
Consolidated sales revenue $ 2,296 $ 2,136 $ 2,274
Profit before taxation 1,462 1,034 1,301
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 650 325 506
Capital expenditure 178 315 302
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 428 508 518
Operating assets $ 2,726 $ 2,871 $ 3,057
Number of employees | Employee 1,124 1,068 1,087
Rio Tinto Coal Australia | Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 0 $ 0 $ 989
Profit before taxation 0 0 893
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 0 0 591
Capital expenditure 0 0 32
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 34
Operating assets $ 0 $ 0 $ (837)
Number of employees | Employee 0 0 1,005
Iron Ore Company of Canada      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 2,269 $ 2,014  
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 359 319  
Equity attributable to owners of Rio Tinto $ 1,144 1,018  
Iron Ore Company of Canada | Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 58.70%    
Consolidated sales revenue $ 2,444 2,189 $ 1,583
Profit before taxation 1,130 1,024 586
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 383 332 166
Capital expenditure 243 255 189
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 170 172 154
Operating assets $ 1,009 $ 803 $ 975
Number of employees | Employee 2,716 2,617 2,397
Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium | Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 1,651 $ 1,938 $ 1,782
Profit before taxation 476 611 510
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 216 254 174
Capital expenditure 144 249 169
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 173 193 201
Operating assets $ 3,390 $ 3,507 $ 3,390
Number of employees | Employee 4,151 4,115 4,058
Rio Tinto Borates | Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Ownership percentage in subsidiary 100.00%    
Consolidated sales revenue $ 564 $ 593 $ 622
Profit before taxation 126 180 197
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 65 96 111
Capital expenditure 42 43 44
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 49 60 62
Operating assets $ 502 $ 525 $ 518
Number of employees | Employee 966 924 980
Simandou iron ore project | Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Profit before taxation (14) (12) (15)
Profit/(loss) after tax – attributable to owners of Rio Tinto (6) (5) (7)
Capital expenditure (2) (1) 0
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 0 0 0
Operating assets $ 16 $ 20 $ 15
Number of employees | Employee 69 74 70