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Operating segments - Summary of gross sales revenue within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ 44,611 $ 43,165 $ 40,522
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 18 18 9
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 47,018 45,367 42,835
Share of equity accounted unit sales and intra-subsidiary/equity accounted unit sales      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Sales revenue (2,407) (2,202) (2,313)
Operating segments | Reportable segments      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 47,264 45,380 42,841
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 27,508 24,075 18,731
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 9,314 10,340 12,191
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 5,428 5,815 6,468
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue 5,014 5,150 5,451
Inter-segment transactions      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Consolidated sales revenue $ (264) $ (31) $ (15)