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Operating segments - Summary of depreciation and amortisation within the reportable segments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated $ 4,279 $ 4,384 $ 4,015
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 199 177 26
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,773 4,960 4,622
Other items      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 82 77 43
Depreciation and amortisation of equity accounted units      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated (576) (653) (650)
Operating segments | Reportable segments      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 4,574 4,783 4,596
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,838 1,723 1,702
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,191 1,312 1,122
Operating segments | Copper & Diamonds      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated 1,153 1,320 1,317
Operating segments | Energy & Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortisation expense proportionately consolidated $ 392 $ 428 $ 455