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Segmental information - Reconciliation of underlying earnings to net earnings (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), pre-tax [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, pre-tax $ 17,918  
Impairment loss 0 $ 1,134
Exchange gains/(losses) on net debt and intragroup balances, pre-tax 374  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, pre-tax (52)  
(Losses)/gains on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, pre-tax (16)  
Net losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites), pre-tax (175)  
Items excluded from underlying earnings pre-tax 131  
Profit before taxation 18,049 5,279
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), tax [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, tax (4,999)  
Impairment charges, tax 0  
Exchange gains/(losses) on net debt and intragroup balances, tax (34)  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, tax 10  
(Losses)/gains on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, tax 0  
Net losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, tax 42  
Total excluded from underlying earnings, tax 18  
Taxation (4,981) (1,828)
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), non-controlling interests [abstract]    
Underlying earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (753)  
Non-controlling interests 0  
Exchange gains/(losses) on net debt and intragroup balances, noncontrolling interests 7  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, noncontrolling interests (3)  
(Losses)/gains on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, noncontrolling interests (6)  
Net losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, noncontrolling interests 0  
Total excluded from underlying earnings, noncontrolling interests (2)  
Profit (loss), attributable to non-controlling interests (755) (135)
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), net [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, net 12,166 4,750
Impairment charges, net 0 1,033
Exchange gains/(losses) on net debt and intragroup balances, net 347 (149)
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, net (45) (167)
(Losses)/gains on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, net (22) 33
Net losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, net (133) (118)
Total excluded from underlying earnings, net 147 (1,434)
Net earnings, attributable to owners of Rio Tinto $ 12,313 $ 3,316