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Inventories
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Inventories [Abstract]  
Inventories
16 Inventories

2021
US$m
2020
US$m
Raw materials and purchased components870 640 
Consumable stores1,142 1,050 
Work in progress1,736 1,288 
Finished goods and goods for resale1,884 1,113 
Total inventories
5,632 4,091 
Comprising:
Expected to be used within one year5,436 3,917 
Expected to be used after more than one year196 174 
Total inventories
5,632 4,091 
During 2021, the Group recognised a net inventory write back of US$7 million (2020:US$15 million write back.) This comprised inventory write-offs of US$18 million (2020: US$35 million) offset by write-back of previously written down inventory due to an increase in realisable values amounting to US$25 million (2020: US$50 million).
At 31 December 2021, US$754 million (2020: US$621 million) of inventories were pledged as security for liabilities.