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Operating segments - Summary of underlying EBITDA (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA $ 37,720 $ 23,902 $ 21,197
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries and equity accounted units (5,022) (4,650) (4,925)
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units (759) (443) (296)
Finance items (26) (1,751) (648)
Losses/(gains) on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting (including exchange) (51) 6 (260)
Total impairment charges net of reversals (269) (1,272) (3,487)
Gain on recognition of a new wharf at Kitimat, Canada 336 0 0
Change in closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites) (1,096) (401) 0
Net losses on consolidation and disposal of interests in businesses 0 0 (291)
Items excluded from underlying EBITDA 0 0 (171)
Profit before taxation 30,833 15,391 11,119
Capitalised Depreciation 54 205 112
Other Operations      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (28) 24 (22)
Product group      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 38,560 24,713 22,132
Central pension costs, share-based payments and insurance      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 110 117 59
Restructuring, project and one-off costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (80) (133) (183)
Central costs      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (613) (545) (496)
Central exploration and evaluation      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA (257) (250) (315)
Operating segments | Reportable segments      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 38,546 24,783 22,163
Operating segments | Iron Ore      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 27,592 18,837 16,098
Operating segments | Aluminium      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 4,382 2,152 2,285
Operating segments | Copper      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 3,969 2,084 1,918
Operating segments | Minerals      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA 2,603 1,710 1,862
Inter-segment transactions      
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items]      
Underlying EBITDA $ 42 $ (94) $ (9)