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Segmental information - Reconciliation of underlying earnings to net earnings (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), pre-tax [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, pre-tax $ 12,044  
Foreign exchange gains on external net cash, intragroup balances and derivatives, pre-tax 383  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, pre-tax (194)  
Gains/(Losses) on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, pre-tax 9  
Gains recognised by Kitimat relating to LNG Canada's project, pre-tax 116 $ 0
Losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites), pre-tax (43)  
Items excluded from underlying earnings pre-tax 271  
Profit before taxation 12,315 18,049
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), tax [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, tax (2,918)  
Foreign exchange gains on external net cash, intragroup balances and derivatives, tax (15)  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, tax 42  
Gains/(losses) on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, tax (4)  
Gains recognised by Kitimat relating to LNG Canada's project, tax (9)  
Losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, tax 2  
Total excluded from underlying earnings, tax 16  
Taxation (2,902) (4,981)
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), non-controlling interests [abstract]    
Underlying earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (499)  
Foreign exchange gains on external net cash, intragroup balances and derivatives, noncontrolling interests 0  
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, noncontrolling interests (2)  
Gains/(losses) on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, noncontrolling interests (4)  
Gains recognised by Kitimat relating to LNG Canada's project, noncontrolling interests 0  
Losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, noncontrolling interests 0  
Total excluded from underlying earnings, noncontrolling interests (6)  
Profit (loss), attributable to non-controlling interests (505) (755)
Exchange and derivative gains/(losses), net [abstract]    
Underlying earnings, net 8,627 12,166
Foreign exchange gains on external net cash, intragroup balances and derivatives, net 368 347
Losses on currency and interest rate derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, net (154) (45)
Gains/(losses) on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, net 1 (22)
Gains recognised by Kitimat relating to LNG Canada's project, net 107 0
Losses from movements to closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites, net (41) (133)
Total excluded from underlying earnings, net 281 147
Net earnings, attributable to owners of Rio Tinto 8,908 12,313
Net foreign exchange gain 508 351
Net foreign exchange loss $ (140) $ (4)