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Other reserves and retained earnings - Summary of other reserves and retained earnings (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Jan. 25, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   $ 11,960      
Employee share options: value of services [1]   (113) $ (107) $ (106)  
Ending balance   9,998 11,960    
Parent and subsidiaries' currency translation and exchange adjustments   (152) (74)    
Beginning balance   26,792      
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements   (56,590) (51,903) (45,242) $ (49,823)
Equity accounted units' profit after tax for the year   1,042 652 301  
Re-measurement gains/(losses) on pension and post-retirement healthcare plans   (291) 0 0  
Tax relating to components of other comprehensive income   (243) 115 77  
Dividends paid   (16,475) (6,821) (10,710)  
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto [2]   0 0 0  
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges taken to the income statement   109 143 126  
Ending balance   33,337 26,792    
Other reserve, share premium   9,998 11,960    
Changes in financial assumptions gain/(loss)   (655) 1,242 1,295  
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements [3]         115
Capital redemption reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   51 51 47  
Own shares purchased and cancelled   0 0 4  
Ending balance   51 51 51  
Cash flow hedge reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   124 160 195  
Cash flow hedge (losses)/gains   (211) 24 12  
Cash flow hedge losses/(gains) transferred to the income statement   14 (63) (41)  
Tax on the above   62 3 (6)  
Ending balance   (11) 124 160  
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   (2) (11) (6)  
Gains/(losses) on equity investments   4 9 (5)  
Ending balance   2 (2) (11)  
Cost of hedging reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   (3) (10) (13)  
Cost of hedging deferred to reserves during the year   (18) 7 3  
Ending balance   (21) (3) (10)  
Other reserves          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   11,628 11,643 11,650  
Own shares purchased from Rio Tinto Limited shareholders to satisfy share options   (95) (76) (63)  
Employee share options: value of services   55 60 52  
Deferred tax on share options   (6) 1 4  
Ending balance   11,582 11,628 11,643  
Other reserve, share premium   11,582 11,628 11,643 11,650
Foreign currency translation reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Beginning balance   11,960 9,177    
Ending balance   9,998 11,960 9,177  
Beginning balance   162 (2,656) (3,212)  
Parent and subsidiaries' currency translation and exchange adjustments   (1,755) 2,814 331  
Equity accounted units currency translation adjustments   (12) 4 10  
Currency translation reclassified on disposal   0 0 215  
Ending balance   (1,605) 162 (2,656)  
Other reserve, share premium   9,998 11,960 9,177  
Retained earnings          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Employee share options: value of services [1]   (18) (31) (43)  
Beginning balance   26,792 23,387 27,025  
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements   (33,337) (26,792) (23,387) (27,025)
Parent and subsidiaries' profit for the year   20,052 9,456 7,709  
Equity accounted units' profit after tax for the year   1,042 313 301  
Re-measurement gains/(losses) on pension and post-retirement healthcare plans   (1,015) 482 259  
Tax relating to components of other comprehensive income   (297) 116 81  
Total comprehensive income for the year   21,812 9,403 7,832  
Share buy-back programme   0 (1) (1,135)  
Dividends paid   (15,385) (6,132) (10,334)  
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto $ (490) 76 [2] 84 [2] 85 [2]  
Own shares purchased/treasury shares reissued for share options and other movements   (18) (31) (43)  
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges taken to the income statement   60 82 70  
Ending balance   33,337 26,792 23,387  
Retained earnings | Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements     0 0 $ 113 [3]
Merger reserve          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Ending balance   11,936      
Other reserve, share premium   11,936      
Investment in equity accounted units          
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]          
Changes in financial assumptions gain/(loss)   $ (12) $ 11 $ 7  
[1] Net of contributions received from employees for share awards.
[2] Includes accrual of interest on funding balances with holders of non-controlling interests in Oyu Tolgoi. Refer to note 1(xii) and note 32(l). On 25 January 2022, Turquoise Hill agreed to waive the full amount of funding balances and interest; refer to note 45.
[3] Impact of the transition to new accounting pronouncements; IFRS 16 “Leases” and IFRIC 23 “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments” on 1 January 2019.