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Other reserves and retained earnings (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance [1] $ 7,755      
Employee share options: value of services [2] (95) $ (100) $ (113)  
Ending balance 8,328 7,755 [1]    
Parent and subsidiaries' currency translation and exchange adjustments 69 (110)    
Opening balance as previously reported 52,741 [1] 57,113 52,426  
Equity accounted units' profit after tax for the year 675 777 1,042  
Re-measurement (losses)/gains on pension and post-retirement healthcare plans 0 0 291  
Tax relating to components of other comprehensive income 153 (102) (243)  
Dividends paid (6,928) (12,137) (16,475)  
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto   (3,206)    
Equity issued to holders of non-controlling interests 127 86 66  
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges taken to the income statement 142 119 109  
Closing balance 56,341 52,741 [1] 57,113  
Other reserve, share premium 8,328 7,755 [1]    
Loss on disposal 105      
Changes in financial assumption gains (407) 3,410 655  
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements(a)        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported   (17)    
Closing balance     (17)  
Opening balance as previously reported        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported 52,274 56,573 [3] 51,903  
Closing balance   52,274 56,573 [3]  
Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported [4] 467 523 523  
Closing balance [4]   467 523  
Current Stated After Changes In Policy Required By IFRS        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported   57,096    
Closing balance     57,096  
Capital redemption reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Capital redemption reserve 51 51 51 $ 51
Cash flow hedge reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance (51) (11) 124  
Cash flow hedge gains/(losses) 30 (167) (211)  
Cash flow hedge (gains)/losses transferred to the income statement (39) 106 14  
Tax on the above 1 21 62  
Ending balance (59) (51) (11)  
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance 2 2 (2)  
(Losses)/gains on equity investments (24) 0 4  
Ending balance (22) 2 2  
Cost of hedging reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance (17) (21) (3)  
Cost of hedging deferred to reserves during the year 4 4 (18)  
Transfer of cost of hedging to the income statement 1 0 0  
Ending balance (12) (17) (21)  
Other reserves        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance 11,554 11,582 11,628  
Own shares purchased from Rio Tinto Limited shareholders to satisfy share awards (78) (84) (95)  
Employee share options: value of services 62 56 55  
Deferred tax on share options 4 0 (6)  
Ending balance 11,542 11,554 11,582  
Other reserve, share premium 11,542 11,554 11,582 $ 11,628
Foreign currency translation reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Beginning balance 7,755 9,976    
Ending balance 8,328 7,755 9,976  
Beginning balance (3,784) (1,627) 162  
Parent and subsidiaries' currency translation and exchange adjustments 598 (2,235) (1,777)  
Equity accounted units currency translation adjustments 14 (27) (12)  
Currency translation reclassified on disposal 0 105 0  
Ending balance (3,172) (3,784) (1,627)  
Other reserve, share premium 8,328 7,755 9,976  
Retained earnings        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Employee share options: value of services [2] (17) (16) (18)  
Opening balance as previously reported 35,020 33,874 27,308  
Parent and subsidiaries' profit for the year 9,385 11,817 20,073  
Equity accounted units' profit after tax for the year 673 575 1,042  
Re-measurement (losses)/gains on pension and post-retirement healthcare plans (459) 568 1,015  
Tax relating to components of other comprehensive income 151 (118) (297)  
Total comprehensive income for the year 9,750 12,842 21,833  
Dividends paid (6,466) (11,716) (15,385)  
Change in equity interest held by Rio Tinto (13) 701 76  
Own shares purchased/treasury shares reissued for share awards and other movements (17) (16) (18)  
Equity issued to holders of non-controlling interests 0 (711) 0  
Employee share options and other IFRS 2 charges taken to the income statement 76 63 60  
Closing balance 38,350 35,020 33,874  
Retained earnings | Opening balance as previously reported        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported 34,511 33,320 [3] 26,792  
Closing balance   34,511 33,320 [3]  
Retained earnings | Adjustment for transition to new accounting pronouncements        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported [4] 509 537 516  
Closing balance [4]   509 537  
Retained earnings | Current Stated After Changes In Policy Required By IFRS        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Opening balance as previously reported   33,857    
Closing balance     33,857  
Merger reserve        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Ending balance 11,936      
Other reserve, share premium 11,936      
Investment in equity accounted units        
Disclosure Of Other Reserves And Retained Earnings [Line Items]        
Changes in financial assumption gains $ 3 $ 5 $ 12  
[1] Comparative information has been restated to reflect the adoption of narrow-scope amendments to IAS 12. Refer to page 166 for details.
[2] Net of contributions received from employees for share awards.
[3] In 2022, the opening balance includes a US$17 million adjustment for the prospective adoption of Amendments to IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”, as reported
in the prior year financial statements.
[4] The impact of adopting the narrow-scope amendments to IAS 12. Refer to page 166 for details.