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Segmental information - Reconciliation of underlying EBITDA to profit after taxation (Details)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]      
Profit after tax for the period $ 5,890 $ 4,947  
Taxation 2,225 1,983  
Profit before taxation 8,115 6,930  
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation 2,719 2,405  
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units 275 238  
Finance items in subsidiaries 566 748  
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units 483 373  
Gains on embedded commodity derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting (including foreign exchange) (3) (112)  
Net impairment (reversals)/charges (18) 1,175  
Change in closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites) (44) (29)  
Underlying EBITDA 12,093 11,728  
Capitalised depreciation $ 102 $ 80  
Close down restoration and environmental      
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]      
Closure discount rate 0.025 0.020 0.015