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Financial performance by segment - Summary of performance of operating segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | $ 53,658 | $ 54,041 | $ 55,554
Underlying EBITDA |  | 23,314 | 23,892 | 26,272
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | 30 | 9 | 0
Consolidated sales revenue/Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets | [1] | $ 9,621 | 7,086 | 6,750
Percentage of capital expenditure |  | 100.00% |  |
Exploration and evaluation expenditures |  | $ 935 | 1,384 | 897
Simandou Iron Ore Project |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 0 | 0 | 0
Underlying EBITDA |  | (22) | (539) | (189)
Capital expenditure |  | 1,832 | 266 | 0
Consolidated sales revenue/Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets |  | 1,831 |  |
Total for all subsidiaries |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Share of sales revenue of equity accounted units |  | $ 213 | 20 | 50
All Entities, Excluding Simandou |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Exploration and evaluation expenditures |  |  | 855 |
Iron Ore |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Exploration and evaluation charge, percent |  | 14.00% |  |
Aluminium |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Exploration and evaluation charge, percent |  | 2.00% |  |
Copper - Rio Tinto Kennecott |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Exploration and evaluation charge, percent |  | 36.00% |  |
Minerals |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Exploration and evaluation charge, percent |  | 23.00% |  |
Other operations |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | $ 120 | 142 | 192
Underlying EBITDA |  | 43 | (95) | (17)
Capital expenditure |  | $ 66 | 57 | 53
Exploration and evaluation charge, percent |  | 25.00% |  |
Share of equity accounted units |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Shares of equity accounted units |  | $ (4,048) | (3,016) | (2,850)
Central pension costs, share-based payments, insurance and derivatives |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Underlying EBITDA |  | 153 | 168 | 377
Restructuring, project and one-off costs |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Underlying EBITDA |  | (254) | (190) | (173)
Central costs |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Underlying EBITDA |  | (816) | (990) | (766)
Central exploration and evaluation expenditures |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Underlying EBITDA |  | (238) | (100) | (253)
Other items |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Capital expenditure |  | 134 | 113 | 79
Gross product sales |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Share of sales revenue of equity accounted units |  | 4,261 | 3,036 | 2,900
Operating segments | Reportable segments total |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 57,795 | 57,146 | 58,468
Underlying EBITDA |  | 24,439 | 25,630 | 27,269
Capital expenditure |  | 7,559 | 6,641 | 6,618
Operating segments | Iron Ore |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 29,339 | 32,249 | 30,906
Underlying EBITDA |  | 16,249 | 19,974 | 18,612
Capital expenditure |  | 3,012 | 2,588 | 2,940
Operating segments | Aluminium |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 13,650 | 12,285 | 14,109
Underlying EBITDA |  | 3,673 | 2,282 | 3,672
Capital expenditure |  | 1,694 | 1,331 | 1,377
Operating segments | Copper - Rio Tinto Kennecott |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 9,275 | 6,678 | 6,699
Underlying EBITDA |  | 3,437 | 1,960 | 2,566
Capital expenditure |  | 2,055 | 1,976 | 1,622
Operating segments | Minerals |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | 5,531 | 5,934 | 6,754
Underlying EBITDA |  | 1,080 | 1,414 | 2,419
Capital expenditure |  | 798 | 746 | 679
Inter-segment transactions |  |  |  |
Disclosure of operating segments [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Consolidated sales revenue |  | (209) | (231) | (256)
Underlying EBITDA |  | $ 9 | $ 8 | $ 24
[1] | In 2024, our net cash outflow in relation to the Simandou iron ore project was US$1.3 billion. This includes cash outflows of US$1,831 million for purchase of property, plant and equipment, US$313 million as acquisition of associates for WCS Rail and Port, and US$652 million as net funding of equity accounted units for the subsequent funding of that shared infrastructure. We received related cash inflows of US$1,505 million from Chalco Iron Ore Holdings Ltd (CIOH) for cash calls by SimFerJersey Limited, of which US$411 million relates to CIOH’s share of expenditure incurred up until the end of December 2023 to progress critical works.

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