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Deferred taxation - Deferred tax liabilities and assets, prior to offsetting of balances (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 8,450 | $ 8,107
Deferred tax liabilities | (7,069) | (7,067)
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | 393 | 1,260
Deferred tax assets | 4,016 | 3,624
Research an development and investment tax credits and allowances | 540 | 583
Deferred tax is not recognised on the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries and joint ventures | 2,152 | 2,249
Tax payable on unremitted earnings | 99 | 110
Tax losses |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,461 | 1,474
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | 98 | 531
Provisions and other liabilities |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 4,710 | 3,835
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | 785 | 133
Capital allowances |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,024 | 961
Deferred tax liabilities | (5,378) | (5,407)
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | (323) | 628
Post-retirement benefits |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 187 | 210
Deferred tax liabilities | (50) | (72)
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | 28 | (48)
Unrealised exchange gains (losses) |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 157 | 194
Deferred tax liabilities | (13) | (15)
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | (11) | (2)
Other temporary differences |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 911 | 1,433
Deferred tax liabilities | (471) | (875)
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | (184) | 13
Unremitted earnings |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (391) | (394)
Capitalised and accrued interest |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | (766) | (304)
Tax on unremitted earnings |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Credited/(charged) to the income statement | 0 | 5
Unused tax losses |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | 1,293 | 1,182
Unused tax losses | Expire within one year |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 66 | 0
Deferred tax loss recovery period | 1 year |
Unused tax losses | Expire within one to five years |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 93 | 140
Unused tax losses | Expire within one to five years | Minimum |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax loss recovery period | 1 year |
Unused tax losses | Expire within one to five years | Maximum |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax loss recovery period | 5 years |
Unused tax losses | Later than five years |  |
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 1,134 | $ 1,042
Deferred tax loss recovery period | 5 years |

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- Definition The amount of deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities, when the absolute amount of deferred tax assets is greater than the absolute amount of deferred tax liabilities. [Refer: Deferred tax assets; Deferred tax liabilities] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause i -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_i&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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- Definition The aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint arrangements, for which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised as a result of satisfying both of the following conditions: (a) the parent, investor, joint venturer or joint operator is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference; and (b) it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. [Refer: Total for all associates [member]; Total for all subsidiaries [member]; Temporary differences [member]; Investments in subsidiaries reported in separate financial statements] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph f -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_81_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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