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Property, plant and equipment - Summary of property, plant and equipment (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period $ 65,290 $ 63,731  
Adjustment on currency translation (4,078) 679  
Adjustments to capitalised closure costs 64 (292)  
Interest capitalised 424 275  
Additions 9,373 6,920  
Depreciation for the year (5,302) (4,817)  
Impairment charges net of reversals (543) (1,159)  
Disposals (98) (128)  
Acquisitions, including fair value adjustment for contributed assets 650    
Operations divested (36)    
Transfers and other movements 1,601 81  
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 67,345 65,290 $ 63,731
Non-current assets pledged as security 18,388 17,479  
Depreciation for the year $ 5,302 $ 4,817  
Average borrowing rate used for capitalisation of interest 7.20% 7.50%  
Increase in additions $ 144 $ 94  
Loans secured by non-current assets collateral $ 4,011 3,994  
Carbon emission reduction target (%), 2030 50.00%    
Carbon emission reduction target (%), 2050 0.00%    
Disposals, transfers and other movements $ (1,736) (101)  
Exploration and evaluation      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Disposals, transfers and other movements (1,789) $ (176)  
Exploration and evaluation | Simandou Iron Ore Project      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Disposals, transfers and other movements 732    
Bottom of range      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure for carbon emission reduction target to 2030 5,000    
Top of range      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Capital expenditure for carbon emission reduction target to 2030 6,000    
Fossil fuels      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment   10 years  
- cost      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 133,189    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 134,804 $ 133,189  
– accumulated amortisation and impairment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period (67,899)    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period (67,459) (67,899)  
Mining properties and leases      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 13,555 10,529  
Adjustment on currency translation (500) 14  
Adjustments to capitalised closure costs 64 (292)  
Interest capitalised 0 0  
Additions 350 222  
Depreciation for the year (1,217) (802)  
Impairment charges net of reversals (38) (92)  
Disposals (1) 0  
Acquisitions, including fair value adjustment for contributed assets 150    
Operations divested 0    
Transfers and other movements 1,833 3,976  
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 14,196 13,555 10,529
Non-current assets pledged as security 5,676 5,307  
Depreciation for the year 1,217 802  
Mining properties and leases | - cost      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 29,731    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 30,762 29,731  
Mining properties and leases | – accumulated amortisation and impairment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period (16,176)    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period (16,566) (16,176)  
Land and buildings      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 8,022 6,699  
Adjustment on currency translation (548) 116  
Adjustments to capitalised closure costs 0 0  
Interest capitalised 0 0  
Additions 246 207  
Depreciation for the year (531) (504)  
Impairment charges net of reversals (39) (58)  
Disposals (5) (28)  
Acquisitions, including fair value adjustment for contributed assets 64    
Operations divested (2)    
Transfers and other movements 1,013 1,590  
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 8,220 8,022 6,699
Non-current assets pledged as security 2,257 1,477  
Depreciation for the year 531 504  
Land and buildings | Fossil fuels      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 87    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 59 87  
Land and buildings | Renewables      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 201    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 177 201  
Land and buildings | - cost      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 14,737    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 14,822 14,737  
Land and buildings | – accumulated amortisation and impairment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period (6,715)    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period (6,602) (6,715)  
Plant and equipment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 36,345 34,407  
Adjustment on currency translation (2,634) 495  
Adjustments to capitalised closure costs 0 0  
Interest capitalised 0 0  
Additions 1,226 1,381  
Depreciation for the year (3,554) (3,511)  
Impairment charges net of reversals (457) (922)  
Disposals (75) (73)  
Acquisitions, including fair value adjustment for contributed assets 429    
Operations divested (34)    
Transfers and other movements 3,127 4,568  
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 34,373 36,345 34,407
Non-current assets pledged as security 7,058 6,980  
Depreciation for the year $ 3,554 3,511  
Plant and equipment | Bottom of range      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment 3 years    
Plant and equipment | Top of range      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment 50 years    
Plant and equipment | - cost      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period $ 80,993    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 78,295 80,993  
Plant and equipment | – accumulated amortisation and impairment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period (44,648)    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period (43,922) (44,648)  
Capital works in progress      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 7,368 12,096  
Adjustment on currency translation (396) 54  
Adjustments to capitalised closure costs 0 0  
Interest capitalised 424 275  
Additions 7,551 5,110  
Depreciation for the year 0 0  
Impairment charges net of reversals (9) (87)  
Disposals (17) (27)  
Acquisitions, including fair value adjustment for contributed assets 7    
Operations divested 0    
Transfers and other movements (4,372) (10,053)  
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 10,556 7,368 12,096
Non-current assets pledged as security 3,397 3,715  
Depreciation for the year 0 0  
Capital works in progress | - cost      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 7,728    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 10,925 7,728  
Capital works in progress | – accumulated amortisation and impairment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period (360)    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period (369) (360)  
Capitalised production phase stripping costs      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Capitalised production phase stripping costs, carrying amount 2,326 2,505  
Capitalisation of property, plant and equipment 423 325  
Capitalisation offset by depreciation 580 324  
Capitalised production phase stripping costs | Total for all subsidiaries      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciation for the year (411) (216) (246)
Depreciation for the year 411 216 $ 246
Capitalised production phase stripping costs | Property, plant and equipment      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Capitalised production phase stripping costs, carrying amount 1,947 2,069  
Capitalised production phase stripping costs | Investment in equity accounted units      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Capitalised production phase stripping costs, carrying amount 379 436  
Plant and equipment | Fossil fuels      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 932    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period 840 932  
Plant and equipment | Renewables      
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [Line Items]      
Property, plant and equipment at beginning of period 2,456    
Property, plant and equipment at end of period $ 2,375 $ 2,456