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Segmental information (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Disclosure of operating segments [abstract] |
Summary of operating segments | Our reportable segments are as follows.
Reportable segment | Principal activities
Iron Ore | Iron ore mining and salt and gypsum production in Western Australia.
Aluminium | Bauxite mining; alumina refining; aluminium smelting and recycling.
Copper | Mining and refining of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, other by-products and licencing of extraction technologies.
Minerals | Includes mining and processing of borates, diamonds, iron concentrate and pellets from the Iron Ore Company of Canada, lithium and titanium dioxide feedstock.
| 2025 | 2024
Six months ended 30 June | Segmental revenue(a) US$m | Underlying EBITDA(b) US$m |  | Capital expenditure(c) US$m | Segmental revenue(a) US$m | Underlying EBITDA(b) US$m Adjusted |  | Capital expenditure(c) US$m
Iron Ore | 12,518 |  | 6,669 |  |  | 1,447 |  | 15,206 |  | 8,807 |  |  | 1,258 |
Aluminium | 7,753 |  | 2,363 |  |  | 756 |  | 6,486 |  | 1,577 |  |  | 705 |
Copper | 6,208 |  | 3,105 |  |  | 831 |  | 4,408 |  | 1,841 |  |  | 970 |
Minerals | 2,887 |  | 286 |  |  | 826 |  | 2,738 |  | 687 |  |  | 271 |
Reportable segments total | 29,366 |  | 12,423 |  |  | 3,860 |  | 28,838 |  | 12,912 |  |  | 3,204 |
Simandou iron ore project | — |  | (21) |  |  | 822 |  | — |  | (7) |  |  | 742 |
Other operations | 157 |  | 16 |  |  | 5 |  | 49 |  | 55 |  |  | 12 |
Inter-segment transactions | (122) |  | 3 |  |  |  | (107) |  | 10 |  |  |
Share of equity accounted units(d) | (2,528) |  |  |  |  | (1,978) |  |  |  |
Central pension costs, share-based payments, insurance and derivatives |  | (17) |  |  |  |  | (158) |  |  |
Restructuring, project and one-off costs |  | (320) |  |  |  |  | (111) |  |  |
Central costs |  | (427) |  |  |  |  | (494) |  |  |
Central exploration and evaluation expenditures |  | (110) |  |  |  |  | (114) |  |  |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 17
Other items |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 43
Consolidated sales revenue | 26,873 |  |  |  |  | 26,802 |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets |  |  |  | 4,734 |  |  |  |  | 4,018 |
Underlying EBITDA(e) |  | 11,547 |  |  |  |  | 12,093 |  |  |
(a)Segmental revenue includes consolidated sales revenue plus the equivalent sales revenue of equity accounted units (EAUs) in proportion to our equity interest (after adjusting for sales to/from subsidiaries). Segmental revenue measures revenue on a basis that is comparable to our underlying EBITDA metric. (b)Underlying EBITDA (calculated on page 36) is reported to provide greater understanding of the underlying business performance of Rio Tinto's operations. (c)Capital expenditure for reportable segments includes the net cash outflow on purchases less disposals of property, plant and equipment, capitalised evaluation costs and purchases less disposals of other intangible assets. The details provided include 100% of subsidiaries’ capital expenditure and Rio Tinto’s share of the capital expenditure of joint operations. (d)Consolidated sales revenue includes subsidiary sales of US$128 million (30 June 2024: US$121 million) to equity accounted units which are not included in segmental revenue. Segmental revenue includes the Group’s proportionate share of product sales by equity accounted units (after adjusting for sales to subsidiaries) of US$2,656 million (30 June 2024: US$2,099 million) which are not included in consolidated sales revenue. (e)Pre-tax and pre-divestment expenditure on exploration and evaluation charged to the profit and loss account in 30 June 2025 was US$334 million, compared with US$487 million in 30 June 2024. Approximately 33% of the spend was by central exploration, 10% by Minerals (with the majority focusing on lithium), 36% by Copper, 19% by Iron Ore and 2% by Aluminium. Qualifying expenditure on the Rincon lithium project has been capitalised since 1 July 2024, accounting for most of the decrease in expense.
Six months ended 30 June | 2025 US$m | 2024 US$m
Profit after tax for the period | 4,536 |  | 5,890 |
Taxation | 2,201 |  | 2,225 |
Profit before taxation | 6,737 |  | 8,115 |
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries, excluding capitalised depreciation(a) | 2,845 |  | 2,719 |
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units | 303 |  | 275 |
Finance items in subsidiaries | 951 |  | 566 |
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units | 730 |  | 483 |
Unrealised gains on embedded commodity and currency derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting (including foreign exchange) | (144) |  | (3) |
Net impairment charges/(reversals)(b) | 122 |  | (18) |
Change in closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites)(c) | 3 |  | (44) |
Underlying EBITDA | 11,547 |  | 12,093 |
(a)Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries for the period ended 30 June 2025 is net of capitalised depreciation of US$113 million (30 June 2024: US$102 million). (b)Refer to note 5 for allocation of net impairment charges and reversals between consolidated amounts and share of profit in EAUs. (c)For the period ended 30 June 2024, the credit to the income statement relates to the impact of a change in discount rate, expressed in real-terms, from 2.0% to 2.5% as applied to provisions for close-down, restoration and environmental liabilities at legacy sites where the environmental damage preceded ownership by Rio Tinto.

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