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Segmental information - Reconciliation of underlying EBITDA to profit after taxation (Details)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Jun. 30, 2023
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Profit after tax for the period $ 4,536 $ 5,890    
Taxation 2,201 2,225    
Profit before taxation 6,737 8,115    
Depreciation and amortisation in subsidiaries excluding capitalised depreciation 2,845 2,719    
Depreciation and amortisation in equity accounted units 303 275    
Finance items in subsidiaries 951 566    
Taxation and finance items in equity accounted units 730 483    
Unrealised gains on embedded commodity and currency derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting (including foreign exchange) (144) (3)    
Net impairment charges/(reversals) 122 (18)    
Change in closure estimates (non-operating and fully impaired sites) 3 (44)    
Underlying EBITDA 11,547 12,093    
Capitalised depreciation $ 113 $ 102    
Close down restoration and environmental        
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]        
Closure discount rate   0.025 0.020 0.020